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2026-08-06mm: mincore: improve mincore_hugetlb()Kefeng Wang
walk_hugetlb_range() always passes a non-NULL pte, so remove the dead NULL check. Replace the per-page iteration loop with memset() for better performance. [wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com: fixup improve mincore_hugetlb()] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260720124252.1483984-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-6-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: mincore: remove xa_is_value() in mincore_swap()Kefeng Wang
The swap_cache_get_folio() no longer returns shadow entries, so the xa_is_value() check is unnecessary. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-5-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: mincore: replace __get_free_page() with kmalloc()Kefeng Wang
Remove ugly casts by using the more natural kmalloc/kfree allocation, also replace GFP_USER(pointless here) with GFP_KERNEL. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-4-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: mincore: remove special handling for VM_PFNMAPKefeng Wang
As David pointed out, "it's hard to believe that someone depends on pages in VM_PFNMAP to *not* be present", so remove the historical behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP pages as non-resident. Adding mincore_pud_range() allows the page table walker to traverse the full page table hierarchy without splitting a huge PUD, enabling much more precise identification of resident pages in PFNMAP VMAs. [wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com: address David's comments] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260720124151.1483820-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/0e619d71-1c3d-4534-8376-2982c7348c31@kernel.org/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-3-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: introduce pud_is_huge() helperKefeng Wang
Patch series "mm: mincore: misc cleanups", v3. This series cleans up and simplifies the mincore. Most importantly, it removes the historical special behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP pages as non-resident. This patch (of 6): Introduce the pud_is_huge() helper function to check whether a PUD is a huge PUD or a software leaf entry. Note that, unlike PMD, PUD currently does not support transparent migration entries or device private entries. However, the function still includes `!pud_none()` branches to accommodate potential future implementations. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717091347.1144789-2-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06selftests/mm: fix BUG_ON checking wrong variable in mremap_dontunmapHongfu Li
In mremap_dontunmap_partial_mapping_overwrite(), mremap() stores its returned remapped address into remapped_mapping, while the BUG_ON incorrectly checks dest_mapping instead. If mremap() fails, dest_mapping still holds a valid pointer obtained from the prior mmap() call, making this BUG_ON never trigger at all. Correct the check to validate the actual mremap() return value stored in remapped_mapping. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717070251.73212-1-hongfu.li@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Hongfu Li <lihongfu@kylinos.cn> Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mglru: fix anon-only reclaim evicting file pages when swappiness=maxRidong Chen
The previous patch fixed this issue for the traditional LRU. The same problem exists in MGLRU [1]: when swappiness=max (SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY) is set, reclaim is expected to evict anonymous pages exclusively, but file pages can still be reclaimed when anonymous pages cannot be reclaimed (e.g. no swap and no demotion target). Fix it the same way as the traditional LRU: keep returning SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY in get_swappiness(), and return 0 from get_nr_to_scan() when SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY is set but anon pages cannot be reclaimed. Since get_nr_to_scan() decides how much MGLRU scans, returning 0 skips the scan entirely and avoids the useless scan work when there is nothing eligible to reclaim. The test result: Before fix: # cat /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 0x0007 # cat memory.stat anon 204800 file 67108864 ... pgsteal_proactive 0 pgscan_proactive 0 # echo "64M swappiness=max" > memory.reclaim # cat memory.stat anon 208896 file 0 ... pgsteal_proactive 16384 pgscan_proactive 16384 After fix: # cat memory.stat anon 188416 file 67215360 kernel 1970176 ... pgsteal_proactive 0 pgscan_proactive 0 # echo "64M swappiness=max" > memory.reclaim -bash: echo: write error: Resource temporarily unavailable # cat memory.stat anon 204800 file 67215360 ... pgsteal_proactive 0 pgscan_proactive 0 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260724033435.2573323-5-ridong.chen@linux.dev Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260717113300.214717-1-ridong.chen@linux.dev [1] Fixes: 68a1436bde00 ("mm: add swappiness=max arg to memory.reclaim for only anon reclaim") Signed-off-by: Ridong Chen <chenridong@xiaomi.com> Reviewed-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zhongkun He <hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: vmscan: drop unused gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim()Ridong Chen
Commit 57972c78e678 ("mm/vmscan: make __node_reclaim() more generic") moved the scan_control construction out to the callers and passed the struct in by pointer. After that change every use of the gfp mask inside __node_reclaim() goes through sc->gfp_mask, leaving the gfp_mask parameter unused. Just remove the dead parameter and update the callers accordingly. No functional change. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260724033435.2573323-4-ridong.chen@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Ridong Chen <chenridong@xiaomi.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zhongkun He <hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: vmscan: propagate real error code from per-node proactive reclaimRidong Chen
It has been observed that per-node proactive reclaim always returns -EAGAIN when any error occurs. As discussed in the mailing list [1], the interface should distinguish between cases where no reclaimable memory is left and where another entity is concurrently using the same interface. Propagate the real error code, consistent with how memcg proactive reclaim handles errors. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260724033435.2573323-3-ridong.chen@linux.dev Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250717235604.2atyx2aobwowpge3@offworld/T/#m3514718be82a31b05726a49da9b61fbfc69a589e [1] Fixes: b980077899ea ("mm: introduce per-node proactive reclaim interface") Signed-off-by: Ridong Chen <chenridong@xiaomi.com> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zhongkun He <hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/vmscan: fix anon-only reclaim evicting file pages when swappiness=maxRidong Chen
Patch series "mm/vmscan: fix swappiness=max and clean up per-node proactive reclaim", v4. Fixes and one cleanup. Patch 1 fixes "swappiness=max": the anon-only test in get_scan_count() sat after the "cannot reclaim anon" check, so when no anon was reclaimable the request fell back to SCAN_FILE and evicted page cache instead. Patch 2 fixes reclaim_store() collapsing every error into -EAGAIN, so callers can no longer tell an invalid argument from a busy interface; propagate the real error code, matching the memcg path. Patch 3 drops the now-unused gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim(). Patch 4 fixes the same "swappiness=max" issue for MGLRU. This patch (of 4): As Qi mentioned [1], when swappiness=max (SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY) is set, the reclaim logic is expected to reclaim anonymous pages exclusively. However, due to the current ordering of checks in get_scan_count(), file pages may still be evicted if can_reclaim_anon_pages() returns false, which contradicts the semantics of SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY. Reproducer in a cgroup holding 64M of file cache, with no swap configured: Before (file cache is wrongly evicted): # cat memory.stat anon 196608 file 67178496 pgscan_proactive 0 # echo "64M swappiness=max" > memory.reclaim # cat memory.stat anon 208896 file 4096 <- page cache evicted pgsteal_proactive 16400 pgscan_proactive 16400 After (file cache is left intact): # cat memory.stat anon 200704 file 67178496 pgscan_proactive 0 # echo "64M swappiness=max" > memory.reclaim -bash: echo: write error: Resource temporarily unavailable # cat memory.stat anon 208896 file 67178496 <- page cache untouched pgsteal_proactive 0 pgscan_proactive 0 Fix this by bailing out early when SWAPPINESS_ANON_ONLY is set and no anonymous pages are reclaimable, before falling back to file reclaim. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260724033435.2573323-1-ridong.chen@linux.dev Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260724033435.2573323-2-ridong.chen@linux.dev Link: https://lore.kernel.org/cgroups/7ddf3eee-5fe2-45f7-8614-c8936a039e04@linux.dev/ [1] Fixes: 68a1436bde00 ("mm: add swappiness=max arg to memory.reclaim for only anon reclaim") Signed-off-by: Ridong Chen <chenridong@xiaomi.com> Suggested-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zhongkun He <hezhongkun.hzk@bytedance.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mseal: fix mseal documentation for 32-bit kernelsLeon Hwang
mseal.o is built only for 64-bit kernels, so 32-bit kernels fall back to sys_ni_syscall() and return -ENOSYS rather than -EPERM. Drop architecture description in mseal.rst, since the arch feature doc has the latest state of mseal for each architecture. Fix the CONFIG_MSEAL_SYSTEM_MAPPINGS typo in init/Kconfig. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715131258.55499-1-leon.hwang@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev> Acked-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Anand Moon <linux.amoon@gmail.com> Cc: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org> Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Leon Hwang <leon.hwang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mseal: remove further superfluous comments, do_mseal()Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
There's no need to abstract do_mseal() any longer so put the system call implementation in the system call declaration. The comment around do_mseal() is strangely formatted, overly long and adds a lot of superfluous information that the code already provides, so boil it down to the essentials. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717-mseal-fixups-v2-3-0daa0014b813@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mseal: limit scope of mseal address zero to address zeroLorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
Commit 44f65d900698 ("binfmt_elf: mseal address zero") unconditionally provided do_mseal() to any internal kernel caller in order to address a corner case slated for possible removal. It also incorrectly attempts to mseal without checking to see whether the mapping even succeeded. Restrict the scope to the corner case by providing mseal_mmap_page_zero() which asserts the MMAP_PAGE_ZERO personality. Avoid unnecessary checks in the start, end range by abstracting the actual mseal()'ing to mseal_range() and have mseal_mmap_page_zero() call that instead. Also only try to seal the VMA if we mapped the VMA. This isn't strictly necessary as the operation would error out anyway, but it's useless work and could be problematic if me make future changes to mseal semantics. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717-mseal-fixups-v2-2-0daa0014b813@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mseal: remove superfluous comments, fix confusion around mmLorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
Patch series "mm/mseal: further cleanups", v2. The mseal implementation is still rather confusing, so tighten things up a little. The only user of do_mseal() outside of the system call is the MMAP_PAGE_ZERO process personality - retain better control over how mseal is utilised by providing mseal_mmap_page_zero() for this instead. The comments are overly long and confusion, so cut them down so they're a lot clearer. Remove confusing mm_struct params (mseal can not be used on remote mm's) and wrap the actual system call logic into the system call declaration. This patch (of 3): Remove comment blocks that don't add value and eliminate any confusion about whether or not we permit mseal()'ing of remote mm's by not passing through an mm parameter but rather referencing current->mm in each function. Also while we're here, avoid an ugly goto by using an else branch, and move local parameters declarations into reverse xmas tree order. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717-mseal-fixups-v2-0-0daa0014b813@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717-mseal-fixups-v2-1-0daa0014b813@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/page_alloc: remove a couple of VM_BUG_ON()stBrendan Jackman
VM_BUG_ON() is out of favour and on the way to removal, since I recently touched alloc_pages_node_noprof() I am removing that invocation, and also removing the __folio_alloc_node_noprof() one for consistency. If this precondition is violated, the system will soon crash anyway. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-spin-trylock-followup-v3-4-fc4d246f705d@google.com Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Suggested-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/7F866265-3F2E-4765-B9D4-9AB898A9C4AC@nvidia.com/ Acked-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/page_alloc: fixup alloc_pages_nolock_noprof() commentBrendan Jackman
Update the comment to reflect the recent change to allow flags in gfp_nolock. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-spin-trylock-followup-v3-3-fc4d246f705d@google.com Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Reported-by: sashiko-bot@kernel.org Link: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260703-alloc-trylock-v5-0-c87b714e19d3%40google.com?part=6 Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06cgroup/cpuset: update some comments about the page allocatorBrendan Jackman
These comments describing the page allocator are out of date: - __alloc_pages() is no longer a public API and has no business being described outside of mm/. - The `wait` variable is gone. It may be out of date for other reasons too but this patch is just fixing the issues that stood out. To fix it: - Instead of referring to a specific function, instead to "the page allocator" - Completely drop out-of-date details of that function's internal behaviour, since they were irrelevant anyway. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-spin-trylock-followup-v3-2-fc4d246f705d@google.com Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Suggested-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/DJP11T5V7BDW.2FZZZ8R6LOY4I@nvidia.com/ Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/page_alloc: rename FPI_TRYLOCK -> FPI_NOLOCKBrendan Jackman
Patch series "mm/page_alloc: couple of followups for recent cleanups", v3. This patch (of 4): As discussed in the linked patch, the there is some inconsistency between "trylock" and "nolock" nomenclature, let's align it. Since "nolock" is used in the public API it seems to have more mindshare so do that. The linked patch did this for the ALLOC_ flag but forgot about FPI_. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-spin-trylock-followup-v3-0-fc4d246f705d@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260703-alloc-trylock-v5-1-c87b714e19d3@google.com/ Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-spin-trylock-followup-v3-1-fc4d246f705d@google.com Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/page_alloc: don't spin_trylock() when disallowed in free_one_page()Brendan Jackman
__free_frozen_pages() checks can_spin_trylock() before entering into the main free_frozen_page_commit()/free_one_page() path, but before this it can get to free_one_page() via the !pcp_allowed_order() and MIGRATE_ISOLATE paths. The !pcp_allowed_order() path depends on usage by callers so might not be possible in practice. The MIGRATE_ISOLATE path probably means kernel crashes and privilege escalation if anyone ever did memory hotplug and BPF tracing on a PREEMPT_RT or !SMP build. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-alloc-nolock-fixes-v1-2-fadc49952dda@google.com Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Fixes: 8c57b687e833 ("mm, bpf: Introduce free_pages_nolock()") Reported-by: sashiko-bot@kernel.org Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260710-spin-trylock-followup-v1-0-affb5fe5ed00%40google.com?part=2 Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/page_alloc: don't spin_trylock() in NMI on UPBrendan Jackman
Patch series "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP". Pre-existing bugs found by Sashiko during review of this other series: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260703-alloc-trylock-v5-0-c87b714e19d3@google.com/ I have not reproduced these bugs, and I suspect there is no real-world user that is affected by them. This patch (of 2): As noted in can_spin_trylock(), using this is unsafe in this context. commit 620b46ed6ae17 ("mm/page_alloc: return NULL early from alloc_frozen_pages_nolock() in NMI on UP") fixed this on the alloc side but missed the free side. Impact: If BPF programs using these features in NMI (probably tracing) are present on non-SMP builds this might crash the kernel and is probably exploitable by local attackers for privilege escalation. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-alloc-nolock-fixes-v1-0-fadc49952dda@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715-alloc-nolock-fixes-v1-1-fadc49952dda@google.com Fixes: 8c57b687e833 ("mm, bpf: Introduce free_pages_nolock()") Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Reported-by: sashiko-bot@kernel.org Closes: https://sashiko.dev/#/patchset/20260703-alloc-trylock-v5-0-c87b714e19d3%40google.com?part=18 Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06selftests/mm: add PAGEMAP_SCAN test for THP PMD holesKiryl Shutsemau (Meta)
Add coverage for the PMD-hole case fixed by "fs/proc/task_mmu: fix PAGEMAP_SCAN written state for PMD holes": a MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON THP that is uffd-wp'd and then dropped with MADV_DONTNEED leaves a pmd_none hole with no page table, which PAGEMAP_SCAN must still report as written. Factor the populate/drop/scan-both-paths sequence out of unpopulated_scan_test() into a helper, and add unpopulated_thp_scan_test() that reuses it with a THP. Include <linux/mman.h> for MADV_COLLAPSE; <sys/mman.h> lacks it on older glibc (e.g. 2.34). Same approach as commit fd5295afae91 ("selftests/mm: hmm-tests: include linux/mman.h to access MADV_COLLAPSE"). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/aljWYfPRCVc6IB2b@thinkstation Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715144234.442721-3-kirill@shutemov.name Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Cc: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@arm.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Zenghui Yu <zenghui.yu@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-fable-5 Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06docs/mm: fix bracesManuel Ebner
Correct typos in mm documentation by balancing parentheses. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260629161156.90213-2-manuelebner@mailbox.org Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner <manuelebner@mailbox.org> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Vishal Moola <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/secretmem: don't allow highmem foliosBrendan Jackman
secretmem_fault() allocates a folio with GFP_HIGHUSER and then calls set_direct_map_invalid_noflush() without checking folio_test_highmem(). This causes a warning and process crash (vibe-coded reproducer in Link below): Su[ 30.071284] ------------[ cut here ]------------ ccessfully allocated and mapped 2097152000 bytes at 0x3a449000 Populating memor[ 30.074614] CPA: called for zero pte. vaddr = 0 cpa->vaddr = 0 y... [ 30.078636] WARNING: arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c:1840 at __cpa_process_fault+0x34d/0x360, CPU#5: allocate_secret/570 [ 30.084789] CPU: 5 UID: 0 PID: 570 Comm: allocate_secret Not tainted 7.1.0-14063-g4edcdefd4083-dirty #10 PREEMPTLAZY [ 30.090937] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.17.0-0-gb52ca86e094d-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 30.097543] EIP: __cpa_process_fault+0x34d/0x360 [ 30.100514] Code: ff ff 85 c0 0f 89 7d fe ff ff e9 3d fe ff ff 8b 03 8b 00 c7 04 24 c8 ff 64 c1 89 44 24 08 8b 45 e8 89 44 24 04 e8 53 7 a 00 00 <0f> 0b c7 45 f0 f2 ff ff ff e9 fc fc ff ff 90 8d 74 26 00 55 25 00 [ 30.110829] EAX: 00000000 EBX: f64afe98 ECX: 00000000 EDX: 00000000 [ 30.114799] ESI: 00000000 EDI: f64afe98 EBP: f64afe04 ESP: f64afdcc [ 30.118785] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 00d8 GS: 0033 SS: 0068 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 30.123020] CR0: 80050033 CR2: 46c48ffc CR3: 038c8000 CR4: 00000690 [ 30.127010] Call Trace: [ 30.129078] __change_page_attr_set_clr+0x5e7/0x870 [ 30.132275] ? console_unlock+0x99/0x130 [ 30.135069] ? irq_work_queue+0x36/0x70 [ 30.137853] ? page_address+0xd3/0xf0 [ 30.140421] set_direct_map_invalid_noflush+0x52/0x60 [ 30.143782] secretmem_fault+0x128/0x210 [ 30.146560] __do_fault+0x25/0x90 [ 30.149053] handle_mm_fault+0x6d1/0xcb0 [ 30.151759] exc_page_fault+0x135/0x3b0 [ 30.154487] ? doublefault_shim+0x150/0x150 [ 30.157416] handle_exception+0x130/0x130 [ 30.160137] EIP: 0x804d29f [ 30.162307] Code: 89 54 08 e1 89 54 08 e5 89 54 08 e9 89 54 08 ed c3 0f b6 44 24 08 89 7c 24 0c 69 c0 01 01 01 01 8b 7c 24 04 f7 c7 0f 0 0 00 00 <89> 44 0f fc 75 0e c1 e9 02 f3 ab 8b 44 24 04 8b 7c 24 0c c3 31 d2 [ 30.172936] EAX: 5a5a5a5a EBX: 00000000 ECX: 0c800000 EDX: 3a449000 [ 30.176927] ESI: 00000000 EDI: 3a449000 EBP: bfbbae18 ESP: bfbbadac [ 30.180897] DS: 007b ES: 007b FS: 0000 GS: 0033 SS: 007b EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 30.185161] ? doublefault_shim+0x150/0x150 [ 30.187979] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- Bus error (core dumped) ./allocate_secret_i686 2000M The equivalent bug was pointed out by a local Sashiko instance on https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260410151746.61150-3-kalyazin@amazon.com/ This hasn't been reproduced it on older kernel versions but from code inspection the bug seems to go back to the original introduction in commit 1507f51255c9f ("mm: introduce memfd_secret system call to create "secret" memory areas"). If this configuration has always been broken, there's no need to worry too much about feature regression here. Nonetheless, instead of just completely disabling secretmem under !HIGHMEM, just drop __GFP_HIGHMEM. This means that now where you previously got a crash, instead you'll just see the secretmem process OOM. Could secretmem just support highmem by saying "this isn't in the direct map anyway" and bailing out before the set_direct_map_invalid_noflush()? Maybe. That depends on requirements that are not well-defined (e.g. is it OK that kmap_local_page() is not a NOP for those pages?), and would require some research and deep thinking. Let's "defer" that until an actual usecase arises. Link: https://github.com/bjackman/limmat-kernel-nix/commit/7b2acba2d3a5ef01400d493a155beb1d135b6bb5 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260717-secretmem-highmem-v2-1-1f1a961ca91e@google.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260704192603.40aa80cf9242b77aa75e8d8d@linux-foundation.org/ Fixes: 1507f51255c9 ("mm: introduce memfd_secret system call to create "secret" memory areas") Signed-off-by: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/sysfs: read ops_id only once in damon_sysfs_apply_inputs()SJ Park
damon_sysfs_apply_inputs() reads ops_id twice. It could race with ops_id_store(). As a result, the min_region_sz could wrongly be set up. Read it once. The user impact is trivial. Sane users ain't update the parameter in parallel. Even if it happens, the DAMON core layer handles the wrong min_region_sz (!is_power_of_2()). Even if somehow the race ended up making a min_region_sz that is different from the user's intention but still valid, only monitoring itself runs differently than expected. No critical consequences like kernel panic or memory corruption happen The issue was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-7-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260703172417.95426-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: 8d009da32f13 ("mm/damon/sysfs: set damon_ctx->min_sz_region only for paddr use case") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 6.18.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/sysfs: read addr_unit only once in damon_sysfs_apply_inputs()SJ Park
damon_sysfs_apply_inputs() reads addr_unit twice. It could race with addr_unit_store(). As a result, the min_region_sz could wrongly be set up. Read it once. The user impact is trivial. Sane users ain't update the parameter in parallel. Even if it happens, the DAMON core layer handles the wrong min_region_sz (!is_power_of_2()). Even if somehow the race ended up making a min_region_sz that is different from the user's intention but still valid, only monitoring itself runs differently than expected. No critical consequences like kernel panic or memory corruption happen. The issue was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-6-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714142950.100711-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: 540a2aebc657 ("mm/damon/sysfs: implement addr_unit file under context dir") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 6.18.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/paddr: drop last same folio access check reuse optimizationSJ Park
It can race when multiple kdamonds are being used. The problem from the race is doubtful, but the gain from the optimization is also doubtful. Simply drop the optimization in favor of code simplicity. The user impact is doubtfully trivial. After all, this kind of interference can happen only by intentional user setup. Even if it happens, it will be rare, and the consequence is degradation of the best-effort monitoring results. No critical consequences like kernel panic or memory corruption happen. The race was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-5-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260621204050.10993-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: a28397beb55b ("mm/damon: implement primitives for physical address space monitoring") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.16.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/vaddr: drop last same folio access check optimizationSJ Park
The optimization can race when multiple kdamonds are running. Meanwhile, the impact of the optimization is quite doubtful. Just remove it. The user impact of the issue should be quite trivial. After all, the race can happen only when the user intentionally setup DAMON in the way. Even if it happens, it would be rare and only degrade the best-effort monitoring results. No critical consequences like kernel panic or memory corruption happen. The race possibility was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-4-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260621204050.10993-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: 3f49584b262c ("mm/damon: implement primitives for the virtual memory address spaces") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.15.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: catch test failure in test_merge_regions_of()SJ Park
KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ() does not abort the execution of test code when the expectation is not met. But damon_test_merge_regions_of() code after its initial KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ() call assumes the expectation is met. It does a per-region test with a hard-coded number of regions that is correct only if the expectation was met. As a result, __nth_region_of() could return NULL, and the test code can dereference NULL pointers. Fix the issue by catching the expectation failure and skip the per-region tests. The user impact on realistic setups should be negligible, as it is a unit test. The issue was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-3-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260710144937.26981-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: 17ccae8bb5c9 ("mm/damon: add kunit tests") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.15.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: avoid infinite kdamond_merge_regions() internal loopSJ Park
Patch series "mm/damon: unurgent fixes for infinite loop, NULL de-ref and races", v1.1. Sashiko found a few issues in DAMON that could cause infinite loop, NULL dereference and monitoring results degradation. The first two sounds scary but the infinite loop happens only under unreasonable user setup. The NULL dereference is only in a unit test. Monitoring results degradation is trivial since it is only best-effort, and those happens from only unlikely races. Still those are bugs that better to fix if possible. Fix those. This patch (of 6): Due to online parameter update like events, the number of DAMON regions could be higher than the user-set upper limit. kdamond_merge_regions() repeats merge regions until the number meets the limit, while doubling the merge threshold up to the theoretical maximum threshold. It is tried only up to the theoretical maximum threshold because even the aggressive merging can fail from reducing the number of regions under the user-defined upper limit. For example, there could be many user-defined non-contiguous regions that cannot be merged. The threshold based loop break condition is evaluated by comparing the threshold for the next merging try against the theoretical maximum threshold. If max_thres is larger than UINT_MAX / 2, doubling the threshold could make it overflow, and bypass the loop break condition. In the case, if the number of regions cannot be reduced under the upper limit like explained above, the loop will run infinitely. Prevent the case by doing the break condition check before doubling the threshold. Also, prevent the threshold exceeding the maximum threshold, as it could overflow and apply the wrong merge threshold. This issue is unlikely to occur in real world, since having the max_thres higher than UINT_MAX / 2 require unrealistically large aggregation intervals compared to the sampling interval. Also, it requires an unrealistically large number of uncontiguous regions setup. Nonetheless, the consequence is bad and the fix is simple. The issue was discovered [1] by Sashiko. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-1-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260715031002.108504-2-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260709145425.96247-1-sj@kernel.org [1] Fixes: 310d6c15e910 ("mm/damon/core: merge regions aggressively when max_nr_regions is unmet") Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 6.10.x Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: let node_reclaim() return the number of pages reclaimedPetr Tesarik
There is only one caller, get_page_from_freelist(), and it does not make any use of the reason for skipping the reclaim, nor does it make any distinction between a full and partially successful reclaim. Therefore, node_reclaim() can simply return the number of pages that have been reclaimed, same as __node_reclaim(), and the NODE_RECLAIM_xxx macros can be removed. There is one small change of behavior when __node_reclaim() was attempted but returned zero. The allocation now skips the zone immediately; before this patch, the zone watermarks were checked first. I believe it was an oversight rather than intention, because the chances that zone watermark is OK after __node_reclaim() did not reclaim any pages are very close to zero. Originally, I was looking for occurences of NODE_RECLAIM_SOME and NODE_RECLAIM_SUCCESS, but I couldn't find any. That's because they are typecast from the result of a relational operator. This seemed a bit fragile, so I dug a bit deeper and came up with this proposed cleanup. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714132300.2136018-1-ptesarik@suse.com Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide core-private damon_ctx fieldsSJ Park
'ops', 'probes', 'adaptive_targets', 'schemes', and 'rnd_state' fields of damon_ctx are intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. However, those are mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-11-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/sysfs: do not directly access damon_ctx->opsSJ Park
damon_ctx->ops field is intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. DAMON_SYSFS is directly reading the field to find if it is for physical address monitoring, though. Use the API function for the purpose, damon_target_has_pid(), instead. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-10-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damon_probe fieldsSJ Park
'filters' and 'list' fields of damon_probe are intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. However, those are mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-9-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damon_filter fieldsSJ Park
damon_filter->list is intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. However, it is mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-8-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damos fieldsSJ Park
'core_filters', 'ops_filters', 'last_applied' and 'list' fields of damos are intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. However, those are mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-7-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damos_filter fieldsSJ Park
damos_filter->list is intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. However, it is mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-6-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damos_quota fieldsSJ Park
damos_quota->goals is intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. But it is mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-5-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damos_quota_goal fieldsSJ Park
'last_psi_total' and 'list' of damos_quota_goal are intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. Those are mistakenly not marked as private, though. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-4-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damon_target fieldsSJ Park
'nr_regions', 'regions_list' and 'list' fields of damon_target are intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. Those are mistakenly not marked as private. Mark as private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-3-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/damon/core: hide private damon_region fieldsSJ Park
Patch series "mm/damon/core: hide core-private struct fields". DAMON core structs hide core-private fields using 'private:' comment tags. It is incomplete and inconsistent. The linked list heads in a few structs, for example, are intended to be hidden, and always be used using the wrapper macros like damon_for_each_region(). But those were mistakenly marked as non-private. A few core layer-only fields were also mistakenly added as non-private. This only encourages callers to directly use the private fields. It is easy to make mistakes, and difficult to control. Mark all such DAMON core struct fields as private. Patches 1-8 mark the private fields for damon_region, damon_target, damos_quota_goal, damos_quota, damos_filter, damos, damon_filter and damon_probe, respectively. Patch 9 removes DAMON_SYSFS's direct access to core-private field, damon_ctx->ops. Finally patch 10 mark the private fields for damon_ctx. This patch (of 10): damon_region->list is intended to be used by only the DAMON core layer. But it is mistakenly not marked as private. Hide it from the callers by marking it private. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-1-sj@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714143544.101305-2-sj@kernel.org Signed-off-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mm_slot.h: add comments for mm_slot_lookup/insertxu xin
mm_slot_lookup() and mm_slot_insert() are the only helpers in this header that are implemented as macros rather than static inline functions. This may look inconsistent without explanation. Explain they must be macros because hash_for_each_possible() needs the table as an array (for sizeof), not a pointer. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714092815120Wv-CFDlLKtsTmda--97Qw@zte.com.cn Signed-off-by: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Wang Yaxin <wang.yaxin@zte.com.cn> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mm_slot.h: add a helper function mm_slot_removexu xin
Patch series "Two small patches to clean up mm/mm_slot.h", v3. mm_slot.h is mainly used by THP and KSM. Patch 1 introduces mm_slot_remove() to abstract the common hash_del() + list_del() sequence used in both khugepaged and KSM. Patch 2 adds a comment explaining why mm_slot_lookup/insert cannot be converted to static inline functions. This patch (of 2): Both THP and KSM manage per-mm scanning slots using the mm_slot structure. The slot is kept in a hash table and a list, and removal from both containers requires the same two operations: hash_del() and list_del(). Introduce mm_slot_remove() to abstract the common hash_del() + list_del() sequence used in both khugepaged and KSM. No functional change is intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/202607140924549782dUh3YBPmy8g1NDMK2zIW@zte.com.cn Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260714092622583ayzGzGYSjAareKKHt_T91@zte.com.cn Signed-off-by: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Wang Yaxin <wang.yaxin@zte.com.cn> Cc: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mremap: convert mremap code to use vma_flags_tLorenzo Stoakes
Replace use of the legacy vm_flags_t flags with vma_flags_t values throughout the mremap logic. Note that, in replacing vm_flags_clear() (which takes the VMA write lock) with vma_clear_flags() and vma_clear_flags_mask() (which do not) respectively in unmap_source_vma() and dontunmap_complete(), we do not add a VMA write lock to account for htis. This is because, in both cases, move_vma() is their calling function and this has already acquired the VMA write lock on vrm->vma whose VMA flags are being cleared. In the case of vma_set_flags() in unmap_source_vma() we do need to do this - as prev and next were not necessarily write locked at this point. Additionally update comments to reflect the changes to be consistent. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-13-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mprotect: convert mprotect code to use vma_flags_tLorenzo Stoakes
Replace use of the legacy vm_flags_t flags with vma_flags_t values throughout the mprotect logic. Note that we retain the legacy vm_flags_t bit shifting code in do_mprotect_pkey(), deferring a vma_flags_t approach to this for the time being. Additionally update comments to reflect the changes to be consistent. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-12-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/mlock: convert mlock code to use vma_flags_tLorenzo Stoakes
Replace use of the legacy vm_flags_t flags with vma_flags_t values throughout the mlock logic. Additionally update comments to reflect the changes to be consistent. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-11-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/vma: convert miscellaneous uses of VMA flags in core mmLorenzo Stoakes
Update various uses of legacy flags in vma.c and mmap.c to the new vma_flags_t type, updating comments alongside them to be consistent. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-10-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/vma: update create_init_stack_vma() to use vma_flags_tLorenzo Stoakes
Replace use of the legacy vm_flags_t flags with vma_flags_t values in create_init_stack_vma(). As part of this change we add VMA_STACK_EARLY and VMA_STACK_INCOMPLETE vma_flags_t defines, and slightly rework create_init_stack_vma() for clarity. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-9-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm: introduce vma_get_page_prot() and use itLorenzo Stoakes
There's a large number of vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags) invocations. Make life easier by introducing vma_get_page_prot() parameterised by the VMA. This also makes converting vm_get_page_prot() to vma_flags_t easier. Also update the userland VMA tests to reflect the change. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-8-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> # for i915 Reviewed-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> [DRM] Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/vma: rename vma_get_page_prot to vma_flags_to_page_protLorenzo Stoakes
Having vma_get_page_prot() refer to VMA flags and vma_set_page_prot() refer to a VMA is confusing. Rename vma_get_page_prot() to vma_flags_to_page_prot() to resolve this confusion. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-7-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/vma: convert vm_pgprot_modify() to use vma_flags_t and renameLorenzo Stoakes
Update vm_pgprot_modify() to use the new VMA flags type vma_flags_t and rename to vma_pgprot_modify() accordingly. This is part of the ongoing work to convert vm_flags_t to vma_flags_t, in order to eliminate the arbitrary limit of the number of bits in a system word on available VMA flags. Update VMA userland tests accordingly, updating vma_set_page_prot() to no longer inline vma_pgprot_modify(), rather we can simply define vma_pgprot_modify() as a static inline function and the tests will pick it up from vma.h. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260711-b4-vma-flags-mm-v2-6-0fa2357d5431@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>