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13 daysMerge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull more MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "mm/rmap: index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by anonymous pgoff" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Index MAP_PRIVATE file-backed folios by their anonymous page offset to resolve confusion around reverse mapping for zeroed and CoW'd file-backed memory. Use this new VMA anonymous page offset tracking to eliminate index conflicts and lay the foundation for scalable CoW performance improvements. - "promote mapped executable folios after first usage for MGLRU" (Baolin Wang) Make MGLRU's protection of mapped executable file folios more reliable. Follow the classical LRU's logic, promoting mapped executable file folios after their first usage to give executable code a better chance to stay in memory and improve workload performance. - "mm: vmscan: fix node reclaim ignoring swappiness parameter" (Ridong Chen) Fix per-node proactive reclaim interface's ignoring the swappiness parameter when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled by consolidating sc_swappiness() into a single function that checks proactive_swappiness regardless of kernel configuration. - "mm/vmscan: reduce lru_lock contention via vmstat-derived scan-balance cost" (Usama Arif) Reduce lru_lock contention in the reclaim path by deriving scan-balance costs from vmstat counters rather than lock-acquired producer updates. Read and decay these cost signals on the reclaim side under a dedicated per-lruvec lock, reducing total LRU lock wait time by over 60% without impacting scan throughput. - "zram: fix zram issues reported by sashiko" (Sergey Senozhatsky) Fix two low-risk zram bugs which Sashiko spotted in drive-by review. - "Honor XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT in xas_split_alloc() and charge to folio's memcg" (Zi Yan) Fix xas_split_alloc() by enabling target folio memcg charging during splits and adding the missing __GFP_ACCOUNT flag for proper XArray node memory accounting. - "selftests/mm: use pattern matching in .gitignore" (Pratyush Mallick) Replace hardcoded binary names in selftests/mm/.gitignore with a generic pattern-matching rule to automatically ignore generated test files and avoid manual updates when adding new tests. - "mm/page_ext: remove pgdat_page_ext_init()" (Sang-Heon Jeon) Make the incompatibility between FLATMEM and NUMA explicit in mm/Kconfig and remove the unused pgdat_page_ext_init() function. - "zram: fix zstd error paths and add parameter validation" (Haoqin Huang) Clean up zram compression backends by removing redundant error cleanup, adding parameter and dictionary validation, auto-prefixing algorithm error logs, and resetting parameters prior to reinitialization. - "zram: fix stale scan bounds after reinitialization" (Longlong Xia) Prevent out-of-bounds slot accesses during concurrent zram resets by moving table scan bound calculations under dev_lock in writeback_store() and read_block_state(). - "add anon mTHP collapse test cases" (Baolin Wang) Extend selftests helper functions to support arbitrary page orders and add new test cases and options for mTHP collapse in khugepaged. - "selftests/mm: Handle unsupported and transient test conditions" (Muhammad Usama Anjum) Update MM selftests to report a SKIP status instead of a failure when required kernel or filesystem features are unsupported, while adding retry logic for transient page migration errors. - "mm/zswap: Fixes and improves the zswap shrink" (Hao Jia) Fix the missing zswap global shrinker when CONFIG_MEMCG is disabled and extend shrink_memcg() to support batch writeback for improved writeback efficiency. - "alloc_tag: introduce IOCTL-based filtering for MAP" (Suren Baghdasaryan) Introduce an IOCTL-based binary interface for memory allocation profiling that enables kernel-side filtering before per-CPU counter aggregation. This eliminates the text-parsing overhead of /proc/allocinfo and provides up to a 20x speedup by transferring only filtered allocation data to userspace. - "better block swap batching and a different take on swap_ops v5" (Christoph Hellwig) Refactor block swap I/O to use swap_iocb for batching instead of single-bio requests and rebase the swap_ops interface, achieving faster swap throughput during kernel builds. - "mm: kmemleak: reduce transient false positives by confirming leaks" (Catalin Marinas) Reduce false-positive kmemleak reports by combining two kmemleak enhancements that add a second confirmation scan and a configurable minimum unreferenced scan count module parameter. - "mm: kmemleak: default min_unref_scans to 2 for verbose kernels" (Breno Leitao) Auto-scanning kernels can generate false-positive memory leak reports on single scans, so this patch defaults min_unref_scans to 2 when CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_VERBOSE is enabled to require a second confirming scan. - "swap_ops updates" (Christoph Hellwig) Batching I/O for synchronous swap devices causes performance regressions and filesystem-based swap suffers from double-indirection overhead. This series resolves both issues by reintroducing per-folio writes for synchronous swap and allowing filesystems to directly export their own swap_ops. - "mm/khugepaged: several cleanups" (Nico Pache) khugepaged accumulated redundant state-checking patterns and outdated comments following mTHP integration. Introduce dedicated helpers for PTE validation and event counting while refreshing the internal documentation. - "maple_tree: lock checking and clean ups" (Liam Howlett) Syzbot reports incorrectly blame memory management exit paths for locking bugs, maple tree erase operations risk allocation failures without gfp flags and internal documentation lacks clarity. Improve lock error detection, update docs, fix race and allocation edge cases and optimize erase allocations using a fallback to GFP_KERNEL | GFP_NOFAIL. * tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-26-15-22' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (172 commits) selftests/proc: make proc-maps-race work with READ_IMPLIES_EXEC memcg: move LRU size accounting on reparenting instead of copying it mm/vmscan: fix comment logic in balance_pgdat maple_tree: add helper mas_make_walkable() maple_tree: avoid extra gap calculation maple_tree: fix argument name in header maple_tree: change two GFP flags in tests maple_tree: document erase and allocations better maple_tree: avoid mas_erase() and mtree_erase() failures maple_tree: document that erase may use GFP_KERNEL for allocations maple_tree: catch race in mas_alloc_cyclic() maple_tree: add bulk parent set helper maple_tree: micro optimisation of mas_wr_store_type() maple_tree: optimise mas_wr_node_store() when not in rcu mode maple_tree: use prefetched value in mas_wr_store_type() maple_tree: clarify comments on mas_nomem() maple_tree: drop MAPLE_ALLOC_SLOTS maple_tree: drop dead code from mas_extend_spanning_null() maple_tree: documentation fix maple_tree: add write lock checking with lockdep sequence numbers ...
2026-08-24mm: update print_bad_page_map() to show anon index if appropriateLorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
If the VMA is a CoW mapping page offset may differ from anon page offset, indicating different positions in the relevant rmap trees. Update print_bad_page_map() to reflect that - if the mapping is non-CoW or the indexes match, then output only one index as before, otherwise output both with (file) or (anon) suffixes to reflect which is which. It's not possible to give only one index as there is no folio available to perform folio_test_anon() upon (the page table entry is bad so this is unavailable). This is potentially useful debugging information and matches the existing page offset provided. Use the raw __linear_anon_page_index() function so as to always output this value regardless of whether the mapping is file-backed or not and to avoid asserts that shouldn't apply here. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260813-b4-scalable-cow-virt-pgoff-v5-5-c21581c0c3c8@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Gregory Price (Meta) <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Alexander Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Christan König <christian.koenig@amd.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Huang Ray <Ray.Huang@amd.com> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Liviu Dudau <liviu.dudau@arm.com> Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com> Cc: Marc Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <nao.horiguchi@gmail.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Cc: Thomas Zimemrmann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-24mm: provide vma_[flags_]is_cow_mapping() and remove is_cow_mapping()Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM)
All remaining callers of is_cow_mapping() are invoking it in the form of is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) or an indirected version of this. Therefore, provide a helper - vma_is_cow_mapping() to directly test the VMA. Additionally provide a new helper vma_flags_is_cow_mapping() which performs the check using the new vma_flags_t type, and share this logic between vma_is_cow_mapping() and vma_desc_is_cow_mapping(). With these changes, no callers of is_cow_mapping() remain, so remove it. Also update the userland VMA tests to reflect the change. No functional change intended. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kerneldoc comment typo, per Lorenzo] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/aob1goSSPH6sTN9y@gremlin Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260813-b4-scalable-cow-virt-pgoff-v5-2-c21581c0c3c8@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Cc: Alexander Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Boris Brezillon <boris.brezillon@collabora.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Christan König <christian.koenig@amd.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Gregory Price (Meta) <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Huang Ray <Ray.Huang@amd.com> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Liviu Dudau <liviu.dudau@arm.com> Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com> Cc: Marc Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <nao.horiguchi@gmail.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Cc: Thomas Zimemrmann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: xu xin <xu.xin16@zte.com.cn> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-24mm: standardize printing for pgtable entriesDavid Hildenbrand (Arm)
Bad page map reporting currently stores page table entry values in an unsigned long long and prints them with fixed 64-bit-oriented format strings. This is inconsistent across call sites and does not work well for architectures where page table entry values are not naturally represented as 64-bit values, such as 32-bit or 128-bit entries. Introduce a common helper to convert raw page table entry values into a fixed-width hexadecimal string based on the actual entry size. Use it for bad page map reporting and for dumping the page table walk in __print_bad_page_map_pgtable(). Pass page table entry values to the reporting path as raw bytes together with their size, instead of forcing them through an unsigned long long. It keeps the printed output consistent and avoids truncation or misleading formatting for non-64-bit page table entries. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260709044334.1741263-1-anshuman.khandual@arm.com Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Co-developed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Andriy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-20Merge tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "mm: drop "sub" prefix from various places" (Dev Jain) page->folio conversion and a naming cleanup - "mm/kasan: remove redundant initialization for kasan_flag_write_only" (Igor Putko) KASAN cleanup work - "mm/filemap: reduce unnecessary xarray lookups" (Chi Zhiling) Small speedup in the pagecaache read code - "mm/percpu: Fix possible NOFS/NOIO reclaim recursion" (Kaitao Cheng) Improve the vmalloc code - mainly the avoidance of GFP_KERNEL allocations when the caller asked for GFP_NOFS or GFP_NOIO - "mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks" (Breno Leitao) Avoid a soft lockup watchdog trigger from the kmemleak scanning code in extreme situations - "mm/page_owner: misc cleanups" (Ye Liu) Cleanups to the page_owner code. For some reason lots of people have been working on the page_owner code this cycle. - "mm: convert to walk_page_range_vma() to eliminate find_vma()" (Kefeng Wang) Simplify and accelerate the page walking library function - "mm/migrate: preparatory cleanups for batch copy and offload" (Shivank Garg) Cleanups in the migration code - "mm/page_owner: add per-fd filter infrastructure for print_mode and NUMA filtering" (Zhen Ni) Per-fd filtering to page_owner in order to reduce the sometimes vast amount of output it can produce - "mm: Refactor bootmem gigantic hugepage allocation" (Muchun Song) Fixes and preparatory cleanups around bootmem HugeTLB handling, sparse initialization ordering, and related vmemmap setup - "mm/zsmalloc: reduce lock contention in zs_free()" (Wenchao Hao) Reduce lock contention in zs_free(), which dominates the unmap path under memory pressure on Android (LMK kills) and on x86 servers running zswap-heavy workloads. Up to 1.83x improvement in microbenchmarking. - "move alloc_tag.c file under mm/" (Suren Baghdasaryan) - "samples/damon: handle damon_{start,stop}() failures" (SJ Park) Fix improper handling of damon_start(), damon_stop(), and damon_call() failures across DAMON sample modules to prevent potential memory leaks, operation disruptions and use-after-free bugs - "mm/damon/sysfs: kobject_del() directories that users can create/remove" (SJ Park) Fix delayed sysfs directory removal under DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE causeing creation failures due to duplicate directory names by adding missing kobject_del() calls before creating new directories - "mm: cleanup clear_not_present_full_ptes()" (David Hildenbrand) Clean up the core pte handling code - "selftests/damon: misc fixes for test bugs" (Kunwu Chan) Fix several bugs in the DAMON selftests - "selftests/damon: fix memcg_path staging handling" (Cheng Nie) Fix a bug in _damon_sysfs.py for damos_filter memcg_path setup, and add a test case for it in sysfs.py. - "selftests/damon: test kdamond refresh_ms" (Ruslan Valiyev) Selftest coverage for DAMON's refresh_ms sysfs feature by updating the test control module and verifying that scheme stats update automatically without manual intervention - "mm/damon: five misc fixups" (Akinobu Mita) Miscellaneous DAMON fixups. - "mm/damon/core: detect internal variation above max_nr_regions/2" (Jiayuan Chen) Fix DAMON's region splitting behavior when region counts exceed half the maximum budget by dynamically scaling down the split fraction as the limit approaches, preventing large regions from staying un-split, and add corresponding KUnit test coverage - "mm: preparatory patches for PMD level swap entries" (Usama Arif) Refactor and clean up PMD softleaf helpers, call sites, and architecture flags to lay the groundwork for a follow-up series that introduces PMD page table swap entries - "mm/damon: update, optimize, and clean up doc, tests, and code" (SJ Park) Update DAMON design and ABI documentation, expands unit and selftest coverage, optimize damon_commit_target_regions(), and clean up recently added sysfs interface code for better readability - "mm/vmpressure: reduce CPU, memory and code overhead on cgroup v2" (Usama Arif) Optimize vmpressure() by skipping unnecessary work on cgroup v2 for userspace event notifications and refactor v1-only eventfd handling into mm/memcontrol-v1.c to reduce memory overhead and code complexity - "selftests/mm: refactor pkey helpers and fix mmap error handling" (Hongfu Li) Refactor pkeys shared tracing and assertion helpers into a common file, unify protection key selftests to use consistent diagnostic logging and assertions, and enforce standardized MAP_FAILED return checks for mmap() calls across the tests - "mm/damon: optimize out nr_accesses_bp" (SJ Park) Replace the error-prone, continuously updated nr_accesses_bp field in damon_region with an on-demand moving sum function, reducing structure memory overhead and avoiding state corruption bugs - "Open HugeTLB allocation routine for more generic use" (Ackerley Tng) Decouple HugeTLB folio allocation from VMA dependencies by introducing hugetlb_alloc_folio(), enabling subsystems like guest_memfd to allocate HugeTLB folios without standard VMA reservations or pseudo-VMAs - "mm/damon: provide pseudo moving sum probe_hits" (SJ Park) Integrate DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter into the pseudo moving sum infrastructure, enabling real-time, online monitoring without waiting for full aggregation intervals - "mm: Some cleanups for page allocator APIs" (Brendan Jackman) Simplify and refactor the page allocator entry points and flags by unifying allocation paths, adding internal alloc_flags arguments, and eliminating redundant __ prefixed alloc_pages variants. - "Fix incorrect access of hugetlb pte entries" (Dev Jain) Enforce the consistent use of huge_ptep_get() instead of ptep_get() for HugeTLB entries and fixes an unaligned address issue in arm64's huge_ptep_get() implementation - "mm/damon: validate all parameters in the core" (SJ Park) Consolidate parameter validation into the DAMON core specifically within damon_start() and damon_commit_ctx() to centralize error checking, eliminate caller-side redundant checks and to improve maintenance efficiency - "tools/mm/page_owner_sort: fix filtering and cleanup issues" (Yichong Chen) Rename is_need() to filter_record() for clearer return semantics, fix per-record allocation memory leaks and bound output copies in search_pattern() to address an existing buffer issue - "memcg: bail out reclaim when memcg is dying" (Jiayuan Chen) Mitigate a system-wide stall which occurs when a cgroup is removed while one of its memory control files is doing synchronous reclaim - "mm/memory-failure: add panic option for unrecoverable pages" (Breno Leitao) Introduce an opt-in vm.panic_on_unrecoverable_memory_failure sysctl that immediately panics the kernel on unrecoverable memory errors in kernel-owned pages to preserve error context and prevent delayed, silent data corruption - "mm/damon: refactor damon_{start,stop,commit}() for simple error handling" (SJ Park) Refactor the DAMON core API functions to guarantee that all contexts are fully stopped when damon_start(), damon_stop(), or damon_commit() fail, eliminating the need for complex and error-prone caller-side cleanup code - "Keep tail page private zero at free and folio split" (Zi Yan) Add checks to ensure tail_page->private is zero when freeing compound or high-order pages and when promoting tail pages during large folio splits. By validating these fields at free and split time, it allows the removal of redundant private field clearing inside prep_compound_tail() - "mm: drop redundant lru_add_drain in anon folio reuse paths" (Barry Song) Eliminate redundant lru_add_drain() calls in wp_can_reuse_anon_folio() and do_swap_page() to reduce LRU lock contention and system overhead By validating folio refcounts against the LRU cache before draining and removing unnecessary drains in the swap path, it achieves up to a 30.5% reduction in drain calls during heavy swap workloads - "mm: clean up folio LRU and swap declarations" (Jianyue Wu) Reorganize folio LRU and swap code by relocating page-cluster state to mm/swap_state.c, renaming mm/swap.c to mm/folio.c, and moving MM-internal reclaim declarations into mm/internal.h. - "userfaultfd: working set tracking for VM guest memory" (Kiryl Shutsemau) Add userfaultfd support for tracking the working set of VM guest memory, so a VMM can identify hot pages and reclaim cold ones to tiered or remote storage - "mm: remove CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE (Part 2)" (David Hildenbrand) Remove the remaining pieces of CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE, performing some smaller cleanups around freeing of reserved vmemmap pages on the way. - "mm/damon: update probe hits for runtime parameter commits" (SJ Park) Ensure that DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter is properly updated when monitoring intervals are changed at runtime, matching the behavior of nr_accesses. To achieve this, it refactors and renames existing helper functions for shared use, applies the updates to probe_hits, and handles edge cases in damon_probe_hits_mvsum() to maintain measurement accuracy. - "KSM: performance optimizations for rmap_walk_ksm" (xu xin) Resolve a severe KSM reverse-mapping performance bottleneck where thousands of split VMAs sharing a single anon_vma cause extended lock contention. By adding an interval-filtering check during the rmap walk, it reduces worst-case anon_vma lock hold times from over 500ms down to under 2ms, preventing application freezes and latency spikes under memory pressure. - "mm: split a couple of headers from internal.h" (Mike Rapoport) Split declarations related to mm_init, memblock, vmalloc and sparse into new headers - "KSM: use linear_page_index in collect_procs_ksm()" (xu xin) Apply the interval tree optimization from rmap_walk_ksm() to collect_procs_ksm() to avoid iterating over non-matching VMAs during KSM memory error handling. It hoists loop-invariant address initialization and restricts the anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach walk to a targeted page offset range, reducing redundant checks and improving lookup efficiency. - "selftests/mm: avoid false failures in hugetlb and KSM tests" (Sayali Patil) Fix issues in the hugetlb and KSM MM selftest categories that can report failures when the prerequisites for the tests are not satisfied - "mm/damon: introduce data attributes only monitoring" (SJ Park) Introduce attribute-weighted region management in DAMON, allowing users to prioritize specific data attributes (such as page sizes or cgroups) over or instead of access monitoring. By assigning weights to attribute probes, DAMON can completely disable access tracking and adjust monitoring regions based on weighted probe-hit counters to optimize monitoring quality for attribute-focused workloads. - "mm/hmm: Add mmap lock-drop support for userfaultfd-backed mappings" (Stanislav Kinsburskii) Extend hmm_range_fault() to support userfaultfd-backed regions by allowing the mmap lock to be dropped during fault handling via a new hmm_range_fault_locked() helper. By accepting a locked pointer and signaling retry status when lock release occurs, it enables page fault resolution in userfaultfd regions while preserving backward compatibility for existing callers. - "mm: make VMA page offset handling more consistent" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Clean up and standardize how vma->vm_pgoff is accessed and manipulated across file-backed and anonymous mappings in the kernel It introduces dedicated helper functions such as vma_start_pgoff(), vma_end_pgoff(), vma_set_pgoff() and linear_page_delta() while renaming rmap interval tree helpers to better reflect their functionality. These changes establish a cleaner foundation for future work that will unify virtual page offset indexing for all anonymous and CoW'd folios. - "mm: handle device-private PMDs in walk callbacks" (Usama Arif) Address kernel panics and state corruption caused by MM walk callbacks reaching non-present device-private PMD swap entries created during HMM migrations It ensures that functions which acquire pmd_trans_huge_lock() properly recognize device-private PMDs instead of assuming a present THP or a standard migration entry. - "mm/rmap: Refactor try_to_unmap_one" (Dev Jain) Refactor try_to_unmap_one by modularizing Hugetlb, anonymous-lazyfree, and anonymous-swapbacked logic into dedicated functions, laying the structural groundwork for batched anonymous large folio unmapping. - "Docs/ABI/damon: sysfs ABI document fixes and additions" (Song Hu) Fix typos and fills in missing entries in the DAMON sysfs ABI document - "dax/kmem: atomic whole-device hotplug via sysfs" (Gregory Price) Introduce an atomic sysfs state attribute and supporting DAX/MM infrastructure to prevent userland races when offlining and removing entire memory regions By adding an unplugged state alongside standard online modes, it enables whole-device atomic hotplug control while preserving backward compatibility. - "mm: convert more vm_flags_t users to vma_flags_t" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Continue transitioning the kernel from the deprecated vm_flags_t type to vma_flags_t across core memory management infrastructure. It replaces legacy type usage in core functions such as do_mmap(), unmapped area allocation, mm->def_vma_flags, and VMA operations like mlock, mprotect, and mremap. - "Two small patches to clean up mm/mm_slot.h" (xu xin) Refactor mm_slot.h by introducing mm_slot_remove() to unify duplicate slot deletion sequences in khugepaged and KSM. It also adds code documentation explaining why mm_slot_lookup and mm_slot_insert must remain as preprocessor macros rather than static inline functions. - "mm/damon/core: hide core-private struct fields" (SJ Park) Clean up DAMON core structures by consistently marking internal-only fields with private: comment tags to prevent improper direct access from outer layers. It enforces encapsulation across core structures including damon_region, damon_target, and damon_ctx and updates DAMON_SYSFS to interact through approved access APIs instead of exposing raw struct members. - "mm/damon: unurgent fixes for infinite loop, NULL de-ref and races" (SJ Park) Address potential infinite loops, NULL dereferences, and race conditions identified in DAMON It fixes an infinite loop triggered by extreme user configurations, a NULL pointer dereference within unit tests and minor monitoring accuracy degradation caused by subtle runtime races. - "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP" (Brendan Jackman) Fix an NMI safety flaw in __free_frozen_pages() where freeing pages on non-SMP or PREEMPT_RT kernels can bypass can_spin_trylock() checks via non-PCP or isolated migration paths. It also resolves potential kernel crashes and privilege escalation risks triggered when BPF tracing runs in NMI context alongside memory hotplug or large allocation frees. - "mm/page_alloc: couple of followups for recent cleanups" (Brendan Jackman) Clean up and update page allocator nomenclature, documentation, and debug assertions. It aligns internal FPI_ flags with the public "nolock" naming convention, removes outdated internal implementation details from high-level page allocator comments, and eliminates obsolete VM_BUG_ON() assertions in allocation paths. - "mm/mseal: further cleanups" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Refactor and simplify the mseal implementation by clarifying API boundaries and removing unnecessary code complexity. It replaces generic do_mseal() usage outside the syscall with a dedicated mseal_mmap_page_zero() helper for MMAP_PAGE_ZERO, eliminates mm_struct parameters to enforce that sealing applies only to current->mm, and streamlines overall logic and comments with no functional changes intended. - "mm/vmscan: fix swappiness=max and clean up per-node proactive reclaim" (Ridong Chen) Resolve reclaim behavior bugs and clean up function parameters across memory reclaim paths It fixes swappiness=max in both standard reclaim and MGLRU so unswappable anonymous memory no longer falls back to evicting page cache, ensures reclaim_store() returns accurate error codes instead of collapsing all failures into -EAGAIN, and removes the obsolete gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim(). - "mm: mincore: misc cleanups" (Kefeng Wang) Clean up and simplifies the mincore code. Most importantly, it removes the historical special behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP pages as non-resident. - "mm/huge_memory: drop dead split helper variants" (Kiryl Shutsemau) Two trivial cleanups in the folio split API - "mm/damon: fix uninitialized DAMOS field and kunit exec expectation bugs" (SJ Park) Resolve minor operational and testing bugs in DAMON identified by Sashiko. It initializes the damos->last_applied field to prevent occasional efficiency degradation and fixes invalid memory accesses in DAMON KUnit tests during test failure handling. - "cleanup for stable_page_flags()" (Jinjiang Tu) Clean up and refactor stable_page_flags() used by /proc/kpageflags without altering functionality. It uses BIT_ULL() to prevent shift-overflow warnings on 64-bit flag bits, converts folio-specific flag checks to standard folio_test_*() helpers, and removes redundant CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG handling. - "Batch unmap of uffd-wp file folios" (Dev Jain) Extend batched folio unmapping support to file folios within userfaultfd write-protect (uffd-wp) VMAs by adding batching capabilities to pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(). This removes special-case restrictions on uffd-wp VMAs in try_to_unmap_one(), significantly simplifying the function's control flow and complexity. - "mm/early_ioremap: clarify and clean up early_ioremap_reset()" (Sang-Heon Jeon) Clarify and clean up the architecture-specific usage of __late_set_fixmap() and __late_clear_fixmap() after early_ioremap_reset() It adds explicit documentation regarding when early_ioremap_reset() must be called and removes redundant macro definitions and reset calls in the RISC-V and ARM64 architectures. - "mm: fix reclaim storms in defrag_mode" (Johannes Weiner) Address severe performance regressions, swap storms, and spurious OOMs caused by vm.defrag_mode=1 under high memory pressure in Meta production It updates the page allocator slowpath so non-movable allocation requests actively trigger direct reclaim and direct compaction at pageblock_order scale, allowing them to claim whole pageblocks rather than spinning unproductively. - "zram: lockmap tweaks" (Sebastian Siewior) Optimize and fix lockdep tracking for zram devices by consolidating per-entry lockmaps and isolate lock classes across multiple instances This reduces memory overhead by replacing per-entry lockdep_map instances with a single map per struct zram, and assigns a dynamic lock_class_key to each instance to prevent false deadlock reports when different zram devices are backed by distinct filesystems. * tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (501 commits) selftests/mm: thuge-gen: fix test_shmget() for PAGE_SIZE check selftests/mm: unpoison pages in memory-failure teardown mm/shmem: downgrade final i_blocks check in shmem_evict_inode() to pr_warn() mm/khugepaged: replace mutex_lock/mutex_unlock usage with guard macro mm/zsmalloc: fix release order of locks in zs_page_migrate() Documentation: zram: remove sections numbering ksm: stop iterating VMAs when ksm_test_exit returns true mm: fold userfaultfd_rwp() to false without CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_PROTNONE mm/migrate: report RCU-tasks quiescent states in migrate_pages_batch() zram: use a custom key for each zram object zram: move lockmap to be per-zram instead per table selftests/mm: fix gup_longterm EINVAL error message mm: page_alloc: fix non-movable reclaim storm in defrag_mode mm: page_alloc: move capture_control to the page allocator mm: compaction: support non-movable compaction for pageblock requests mm: page_alloc: __GFP_FS lockdep annotation for direct compaction hugetlb: evaluate subpool free state while locked mm/damon: remove trailing semicolons after function definitions mm/damon/ops-common: prevent migration fallback to non-target nodes mm/damon: update outdated comment about DAMOS filter handling ...
2026-08-06mm/memory: batch set uffd-wp markers during zappingDev Jain
Enable batch setting of uffd-wp PTE markers. The code paths passing nr > 1 to zap_install_uffd_wp_if_needed() produce that nr through either folio_pte_batch() or swap_pte_batch(), therefore batching is correct: 1) All PTEs belong to the same type of VMA: anonymous or non-anonymous, wp-armed or non-wp-armed. 2) All PTEs are either marked with uffd-wp or not marked with uffd-wp; the same applies to the pte_swp_uffd_any() check. 3) uffd_supports_wp_marker() is independent of the function parameters. Use set_pte_at() in a loop instead of set_ptes(), because set_ptes() cannot handle nonpresent to nonpresent conversion for nr_pages > 1. Rename the helper to cond_install_uffd_wp_ptes(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260720065508.2695106-3-dev.jain@arm.com Signed-off-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-06mm/memory: move pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed() into memory.cDev Jain
Patch series "Batch unmap of uffd-wp file folios", v2. Currently, batched unmapping is supported if: 1) folio is a file folio, not belonging to uffd-wp VMA 2) folio is anonymous and not swapbacked (lazyfree), not belonging to uffd-wp VMA So the cases which are not supported are 1) folio belonging to uffd-wp VMA 2) folio is anonymous and swapbacked It is easy to see that this adds a lot of cognitive load while reading try_to_unmap_one - we need to remember throughout whether nr_pages == 1 or > 1. The uffd-wp handling in try_to_unmap_one is regarding preserving the uffd-wp state for file folios via pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed (for anon folio, we handle that while constructing the swap pte). Stop special casing on uffd-wp VMAs by simply adding batching support to pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed. This patch (of 3): pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed() has grown too large for mm_inline.h. Move it to memory.c. This helper is only used inside mm/, so declare it in mm/internal.h instead of a public header. While at it, convert the comment to kerneldoc and rename the local arguments from pte/pteval to ptep/pte so the pointer and PTE value are easier to distinguish. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260720065508.2695106-1-dev.jain@arm.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260720065508.2695106-2-dev.jain@arm.com Signed-off-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-05mm: fix incorrect flush address in direct page table reclaimAndy Lutomirski
When zap_pte_range reclaims a page table, it does: pte_free_tlb(tlb, pmd_pgtable(pmdval), addr); and this is unconditionally wrong: if this code executes, addr *always* points one past the end of the range covered by the table. The addr parameter is used to flush the TLB (really the paging-structure-cache) to drop references to the to-be-freed table, and any architecture that cares about the parameter will flush the wrong address. (But they'll still free the correct page). I think it's worth contemplating why the kernel works at all. If we hit the offending line of code, we will first clear the PMD entry (line 1954, zap_empty_pte_table), then we will issue pending flushes if force_flush is set (tlb_flush_mmu_tlbonly(tlb)), then we will skip the retry on line 1979 (phew!), and then we will do the offending pte_free_tlb call. *Or* we will clear the PMD entry immediately before pte_free_tlb (line 1983, zap_pte_table_if_empty). If we have any pending flushes (i.e. we actually zapped any last-level entries) at the time we clear the PMD entry, then the flush really ought to flush all references to the table (Linus certainly seems to think it will on all architectures [0]). The condition under which we have no accumulated flushes at the time of the clear is very complex (the whole zap_pte_range function has absurdly complex control flow). If we do hit the bad case, then we will end up clearing the PMD entry after the last time the range is flushed, and any CPU is free to cache a reference to the (empty) page table. If this happens due to an ordinary read or write, it would segfault, so it would be rare. But the cache could be speculatively filled as well. Then we'll flush the wrong address and then free and possibly reuse the table. On x86, even flushing the wrong address works on non-KPTI Intel systems because INVLPG flushes *all* paging-structure-caches, not just the ones for the target address. But INVPCID does not, and flush_tlb_one_user will use INVPCID if it's available. And then we're toast. AMD systems are more susceptible: we set the EFER.TCE bit, which makes even INVLPG only flush the target address. I think this might fix an issue in ripgrep reported here: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/issues/3494 [0] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CA+55aFzBggoXtNXQeng5d_mRoDnaMBE5Y+URs+PHR67nUpMtaw@mail.gmail.com/T/#u Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Fixes: 4c640eb4181c ("mm: move pte table reclaim code to memory.c") Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm/vma: use vma_start_pgoff(), linear_page_index() in mm codeLorenzo Stoakes
There are many instances in which linear_page_index() (as well as linear_page_delta()) is open-coded, which is confusing and inconsistent. Additionally, vma->vm_pgoff doesn't necessarily make it clear that this is the page offset of the start of the VMA range. Doing so also aids greppability. So use vma_start_pgoff() in favour of directly accessing vma->vm_pgoff, and linear_page_index() where we can. This also lays the ground for future changes which will add an anonymous page offset in order to be able to index MAP_PRIVATE-file backed anon folios in terms of their virtual page offset. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260710-b4-pre-scalable-cow-v2-18-2a5aa403d977@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Reviewed-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: Liam R. Howlett (Oracle) <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm/rmap: rename vma_interval_tree_*() to mapping_rmap_tree_*()Lorenzo Stoakes
The family of vma_interval_tree_() functions manipulate the address_space (which, of course, is generally referred to as 'mapping') reverse mapping, but are named the 'VMA' interval tree. VMAs may be mapped by an anon_vma, an address_space, or both. Therefore calling the mapping interval tree a 'VMA' interval tree is rather confusing. This is also inconsistent with the anon_vma_interval_tree_*() functions which explicitly reference the rmap object to which they pertain. Rename the vma_interval_tree_*() functions to mapping_rmap_tree_*() to correct this. We will rename the anon rmap functions similarly in a subsequent patch. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260710-b4-pre-scalable-cow-v2-8-2a5aa403d977@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: Liam R. Howlett (Oracle) <liam@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm/rmap: parameterise vma_interval_tree_*() by address_spaceLorenzo Stoakes
The file-backed mapping interval tree functions vma_interval_tree_*() accept a raw rb_root_cached pointer to determine the tree in which they are operating. However, in each case, this is always associated with an address_space data type. So simply pass a pointer to that instead to simplify the code, and more clearly differentiate between these operations and those concerning anonymous mappings. While we're here, make the generated interval tree functions static as they do not need to be used externally (any previously existing external users have now been removed). We also rename VMA parameters from 'node' to 'vma' as calling this a node is simply confusing, update the input index types to pgoff_t since they reference page offsets and rename the parameters to pgoff_start and pgoff_last. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260710-b4-pre-scalable-cow-v2-6-2a5aa403d977@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com> Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com> Cc: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de> Cc: Liam R. Howlett (Oracle) <liam@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04userfaultfd: add UFFD_FEATURE_RWP_ASYNC for async fault resolutionKiryl Shutsemau (Meta)
Sync RWP delivers a message and blocks the faulting thread until the handler resolves the fault. For working-set tracking the VMM does not need the message: it just needs to know, at scan time, which pages were touched. Async RWP serves that use case — the kernel restores access in-place and the faulting thread continues without blocking. The VMM reconstructs the access pattern after the fact via PAGEMAP_SCAN: pages whose uffd bit is still set (inverted PAGE_IS_ACCESSED) were not re-accessed since the last RWP cycle. Worth calling out: async resolution upgrades writable private anon PTEs via pte_mkwrite() when can_change_pte_writable() allows, mirroring do_numa_page(). Without it, every re-access of an RWP'd writable page would COW-fault a second time. UFFD_FEATURE_RWP_ASYNC requires UFFD_FEATURE_RWP. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708111417.173443-13-kirill@shutemov.name Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6 Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm/userfaultfd: add RWP fault delivery and expose UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_RWPKiryl Shutsemau (Meta)
Wire the fault side of read-write protection tracking and turn the userspace interface on. An RWP-protected PTE is PAGE_NONE with the uffd bit set. The PROT_NONE triggers a fault on any access; the uffd bit distinguishes it from plain mprotect(PROT_NONE) or NUMA hinting. Fault dispatch, per level: PTE handle_pte_fault() -> do_uffd_rwp() PMD __handle_mm_fault() -> do_huge_pmd_uffd_rwp() hugetlb hugetlb_fault() -> hugetlb_handle_userfault() The RWP branches gate on userfaultfd_pte_rwp() / userfaultfd_huge_pmd_rwp() (VM_UFFD_RWP plus the uffd bit) and fall through to do_numa_page() / do_huge_pmd_numa_page() otherwise. Each delivers a UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_RWP message through handle_userfault(); the handler resolves it with UFFDIO_RWPROTECT clearing MODE_RWP. userfaultfd_must_wait() and userfaultfd_huge_must_wait() add matching protnone+uffd waiters so sync-mode fault handlers block correctly. Expose the UAPI: UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_RWP -> UFFD_API_REGISTER_MODES UFFD_FEATURE_RWP -> UFFD_API_FEATURES _UFFDIO_RWPROTECT -> UFFD_API_RANGE_IOCTLS UFFD_API_RANGE_IOCTLS_BASIC UFFD_FEATURE_RWP is masked out at UFFDIO_API time when PROT_NONE is not available or VM_UFFD_RWP aliases VM_NONE (32-bit), so userspace never sees an advertised-but-broken feature. Works on anonymous, shmem, and hugetlb memory. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708111417.173443-11-kirill@shutemov.name Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6 Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: preserve RWP marker across PTE rewritesKiryl Shutsemau (Meta)
The uffd PTE bit must survive any kernel path that rewrites a PTE on a VM_UFFD_RWP VMA, otherwise the marker that carries PAGE_NONE semantics is silently dropped and the next access leaks past RWP tracking. Wire the preservation through every path that rewrites a VM_UFFD_RWP PTE. Swap and device-exclusive: do_swap_page(), restore_exclusive_pte(), and unuse_pte() (swapoff()) re-apply PAGE_NONE when the swap PTE carries the uffd bit and the VMA has VM_UFFD_RWP. Migration: remove_migration_pte() and remove_migration_pmd() do the same after the migration entry is replaced with a real PTE/PMD. Fork: __copy_present_ptes(), copy_present_page(), copy_nonpresent_pte(), copy_huge_pmd(), copy_huge_non_present_pmd(), and copy_hugetlb_page_range() keep the uffd bit on the child when the destination VMA has VM_UFFD_RWP, matching the existing VM_UFFD_WP handling. Add VM_UFFD_RWP to VM_COPY_ON_FORK so the flag itself propagates. mprotect(): change_pte_range() and change_huge_pmd() restore PAGE_NONE after pte_modify()/pmd_modify() have recomputed the base protection from a (possibly user-changed) vm_page_prot. pte_modify() preserves _PAGE_UFFD, so the bit stays; we just have to force PAGE_NONE back on top. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708111417.173443-8-kirill@shutemov.name Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6 Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: rename uffd-wp PTE accessors to uffdKiryl Shutsemau (Meta)
Userfaultfd RWP will reuse the uffd-wp PTE bit to mark access-tracking PTEs, alongside the write-protected ones it already marks. The bit's meaning now depends on the VMA flag (WP or RWP), not on its name. Rename the kernel-internal names that describe the bit: - pte/pmd/huge_pte accessors (and swap variants) - pgtable_supports_uffd() capability query - SCAN_PTE_UFFD khugepaged enum The ftrace string emitted by mm_khugepaged_scan_pmd for this enum is kept as "pte_uffd_wp" so existing trace-based tooling keeps matching. Pure mechanical rename -- no behavior change. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708111417.173443-4-kirill@shutemov.name Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Assisted-by: Claude:claude-opus-4-6 Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: James Houghton <jthoughton@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: clarify the folio_free_swap() for do_swap_page()Barry Song (Xiaomi)
Since commit 4b34f1d82c654 ("mm, swap: free the swap cache after folio is mapped"), we have relied on do_wp_page() to handle the non-exclusive case, where the folio may either be reused or require CoW. As a result, using the refcount in do_swap_page() to decide when to free the swap cache is no longer necessary, since do_wp_page() can handle this more cleanly and consistently. We can now simply use FAULT_FLAG_WRITE together with exclusivity to decide when to free the swap cache in do_swap_page(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260701235955.36126-5-baohua@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua@kernel.org> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: entirely remove lru_add_drain in do_swap_pageBarry Song (Xiaomi)
We are doing a lot of redundant lru_add_drain() calls in do_swap_page(), especially for synchronous I/O devices. For example, the test program below currently ends up draining lru_cache 100% of the time: int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i; #define SIZE 100*1024*1024 while(1) { volatile int *p = mmap(0, SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE/sizeof(int); i++) p[i] = i%64; madvise((void *)p, SIZE, MADV_PAGEOUT); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE/sizeof(int); i++) p[i] = i%64; munmap(p, SIZE); } return 0; } Folio reuse now relies primarily on the exclusive hint, making lru_cache draining to drop the refcount in lru_cache largely irrelevant. For a kernel build with a minimal configuration running in a 1 GB memcg, this patch skips more than 43,000 redundant local LRU drains. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260701235955.36126-4-baohua@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: drop stale folio_ref_count()==1 check in do_swap_page reuse logicBarry Song (Xiaomi)
The "we just allocated them without exposing them to the swapcache" case no longer exists, as Kairui has routed synchronous I/O through the swapcache as well in his series "unify swapin use swap cache and cleanup flags"[1]. As a result, folio_ref_count() should never be 1 in this path, since at least two references are held (base ref plus swapcache). Remove the folio_ref_count()==1 check and update the comment accordingly. The ksm_might_need_to_copy() check may allocate a fresh folio with folio_ref_count() == 1. Along that path, exclusive has already been set to true, so the folio can still be reused correctly. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: update comment, per David] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/3a185a5d-2f2c-4e9d-9cd9-8bdb236dfc5c@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260701235955.36126-3-baohua@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251220-swap-table-p2-v5-0-8862a265a033@tencent.com/ [1] Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua@kernel.org> Acked-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04mm: avoid unnecessary lru drain for wp_can_reuse_anon_folio()Barry Song (Xiaomi)
Patch series "mm: drop redundant lru_add_drain in anon folio reuse paths", v3. We are doing a large number of redundant lru_add_drain() calls in both wp_can_reuse_anon_folio() and do_swap_page(), leading to LRU lock contention and unnecessary overhead. In wp_can_reuse_anon_folio(), we can check the refcount against the lru_cache before deciding to drain. In do_swap_page(), the drain is now entirely redundant after Kairui's work to route SYNC I/O through the swapcache in the same way as ASYNC I/O. Build the kernel within a 1 GB memcg using 20 threads with zRAM swap. The number of lru_add_drain() calls is reduced from 276,278 to 226,318, a reduction of about 18%. Build the kernel within an 800 MB memcg using 20 threads with zRAM swap. The number of lru_add_drain() calls is reduced from 778,950 to 541,149, a reduction of 30.5%. This patch (of 4): There is a case where `folio_ref_count(folio) == 3` and `!folio_test_swapcache(folio)`. In that case, both `folio_ref_count(folio) > 3` and `folio_ref_count(folio) > 1 + folio_test_swapcache(folio)` evaluate false, causing an unnecessary local LRU drain. During an Ubuntu boot, I observed over 5,000 redundant local LRU drains. For a kernel build with a minimal configuration, I observed more than 20,000 redundant drains. Fix this by checking against: `1 + in_swapcache + in_lrucache` instead of hardcoding `folio_ref_count(folio) > 3`. [baohua@kernel.org: rename in_lru_cache to maybe_in_lru_cache] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260708145718.82690-1-baohua@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260701235955.36126-1-baohua@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260701235955.36126-2-baohua@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Barry Song (Xiaomi) <baohua@kernel.org> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-07-30mm: extract mm_prepare_for_swap_entries() helperUsama Arif
When a swap entry is installed in a page table, the mm must be added to init_mm.mmlist so that swapoff can find and unuse its swap entries. This double-checked locking pattern is currently open-coded in try_to_unmap_one() and copy_nonpresent_pte(). Move it into mm_prepare_for_swap_entries() in mm/internal.h and convert both callers so it can be reused by upcoming PMD-level swap entry code paths that also need to register the mm with swapoff. copy_nonpresent_pte() previously inserted into &src_mm->mmlist rather than &init_mm.mmlist, but the insertion point is irrelevant, mmlist is a circular list and swapoff walks it entirely from init_mm.mmlist, so only membership matters, not position. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260706114320.1643046-3-usama.arif@linux.dev Signed-off-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <baoquan.he@linux.dev> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Kiryl Shutsemau <kas@kernel.org> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-07-28mm: cleanup clear_not_present_full_ptes() and rename to clear_non_present_ptes()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's clean it up a bit: (1) There is no need to pass "full" anymore. (2) No architecture overwrites it, and there isn't really a good reason to do so when dealing with non-present PTEs. (3) While at it, call it "non-present", similar to copy_nonpresent_pte() and zap_nonpresent_ptes(). It's a shame that we have clear_non_present_ptes() correspond to pte_clear() and clear_ptes() correspond to ptep_get_and_clear*(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260629-clear_not_present_full_ptes-v2-3-96089871a1e7@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador (SUSE) <osalvador@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Andreas Larsson <andreas@gaisler.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-21mm: use mapping_mapped to simplify the codeHuang Shijie
Use mapping_mapped() to simplify the code, make the code tidy and clean. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260612073032.33228-1-huangsj@hygon.cn Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <huangsj@hygon.cn> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador (SUSE) <osalvador@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-08mm: switch deferred split shrinker to list_lruJohannes Weiner
The deferred split queue handles cgroups in a suboptimal fashion. The queue is per-NUMA node or per-cgroup, not the intersection. That means on a cgrouped system, a node-restricted allocation entering reclaim can end up splitting large pages on other nodes: alloc/unmap deferred_split_folio() list_add_tail(memcg->split_queue) set_shrinker_bit(memcg, node, deferred_shrinker_id) for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(restricted_nodes) mem_cgroup_iter() shrink_slab(node, memcg) shrink_slab_memcg(node, memcg) if test_shrinker_bit(memcg, node, deferred_shrinker_id) deferred_split_scan() walks memcg->split_queue The shrinker bit adds an imperfect guard rail. As soon as the cgroup has a single large page on the node of interest, all large pages owned by that memcg, including those on other nodes, will be split. list_lru properly sets up per-node, per-cgroup lists. As a bonus, it streamlines a lot of the list operations and reclaim walks. It's used widely by other major shrinkers already. Convert the deferred split queue as well. The list_lru per-memcg heads are instantiated on demand when the first object of interest is allocated for a cgroup, by calling folio_memcg_alloc_deferred(). Add calls to where splittable pages are created: anon faults, swapin faults, khugepaged collapse. These calls create all possible node heads for the cgroup at once, so the migration code (between nodes) doesn't need any special care. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=n] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/202605281620.lc3rtkBm-lkp@intel.com [hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix cgroup.memory=nokmem handling] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ah9PGv12mqai84ES@cmpxchg.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260527204757.2544958-10-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reported-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com> Tested-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-08mm: memory: flatten alloc_anon_folio() retry loopJohannes Weiner
alloc_anon_folio() uses a top-level if (folio) that buries the success path four levels deep. This makes for awkward long lines and wrapping. The next patch will add more code here, so flatten this now to keep things clean and simple. The next label is already there, use it for !folio. No functional change intended. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260527204757.2544958-9-hannes@cmpxchg.org Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Suggested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Kairui Song <ryncsn@gmail.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-04mm: remove mentions of PageWritebackMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Update two comments to refer to writeback in general instead of the specific flag. Convert the large comment in memory.c to be entirely folio-based. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260526195650.353196-1-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-02mm, swap: merge zeromap into swap tableKairui Song
By allocating one additional bit in the swap table entry's flags field alongside the count, we can store the zeromap inline For 64 bit systems, zeromap will store in the swap table, avoiding zeromap allocation. It reduces the allocated memory. That is the happy path. For certain 32-bit archs, there might not be enough bits in the swap table to contain both PFN and flags. Therefore, conditionally let each cluster have a zeromap field at build time, and use that instead. If the swapfile cluster is not fully used, it will still save memory for zeromap. The empty cluster does not allocate a zeromap. In the worst case, all cluster are fully populated. We will use memory similar to the previous zeromap implementation. A few macros were moved to different headers for build time struct definition. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: swap_cluster_alloc_table(): remove unused local `ret] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix unused label `err_free'] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260517-swap-table-p4-v5-12-88ae43e064c7@tencent.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Acked-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Youngjun Park <youngjun.park@lge.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-06-02mm, swap: unify large folio allocationKairui Song
Now that direct large order allocation is supported in the swap cache, both anon and shmem can use it instead of implementing their own methods. This unifies the fallback and swap cache check, which also reduces the TOCTOU race window of swap cache state: previously, high order swapin required checking swap cache states first, then allocating and falling back separately. Now all these steps happen in the same compact loop. Order fallback and statistics are also unified, callers just need to check and pass the acceptable order bitmask. There is basically no behavior change. This only makes things more unified and prepares for later commits. Cgroup and zero map checks can also be moved into the compact loop, further reducing race windows and redundancy Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260517-swap-table-p4-v5-5-88ae43e064c7@tencent.com Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kemeng Shi <shikemeng@huaweicloud.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Youngjun Park <youngjun.park@lge.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-05-28mm: remove page_mapped()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's replace the last user of page_mapped() by folio_mapped() so we can get rid of page_mapped(). Replace the remaining occurrences of page_mapped() in rmap documentation by folio_mapped(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260427-page_mapped-v1-3-e89c3592c74c@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org> Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de> Cc: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@linux.dev> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Song Liu <song@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-05-28mm/memory: update stale locking comments for fault handlersAditya Sharma
Update the comments for wp_page_copy(), do_wp_page(), do_swap_page(), do_anonymous_page(), __do_fault(), do_fault(), handle_pte_fault(), __handle_mm_fault(), and handle_mm_fault() to concisely clarify that they can be entered holding either the mmap_lock or the VMA lock, and that the lock may be released upon returning VM_FAULT_RETRY. Additionally, make the following corrections: - In do_anonymous_page(), correct the outdated claim that the function is entered with the PTE "mapped but not yet locked". Since handle_pte_fault() unmaps the empty PTE before routing to do_pte_missing(), the comment now correctly states it is entered with the PTE unmapped and unlocked. - In __do_fault(), update the stale reference from __lock_page_retry() to __folio_lock_or_retry(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260424092217.263648-1-adi.sharma@zohomail.in Signed-off-by: Aditya Sharma <adi.sharma@zohomail.in> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-05-13mm/memory: fix spurious warning when unmapping device-private/exclusive pagesAlistair Popple
Device private and exclusive entries are only supported for anonymous folios. This condition is tested in __migrate_device_pages() and make_device_exclusive() using folio_test_anon(). However the unmap path tests this assumption using vma_is_anonymous(). This is wrong because whilst anonymous VMAs can only contain folios where folio_test_anon() is true the opposite relation does not hold. A folio for which folio_test_anon() is true does not imply vma_is_anonymous() is true. Such a condition can occur if for example a folio is part of a private filebacked mapping. In this case vma_is_anonymous() is false as the mapping is filebacked, but folio_test_anon() may be true, thus permitting devices to migrate the folio to device private memory. This can lead to the following spurious warnings during process teardown: [ 772.737706] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 772.739201] WARNING: mm/memory.c:1754 at unmap_page_range.cold+0x26/0x18a, CPU#17: hmm-tests/2041 [ 772.742050] Modules linked in: test_hmm nvidia_uvm(O) nvidia(O) [ 772.743959] CPU: 17 UID: 0 PID: 2041 Comm: hmm-tests Tainted: G W O 7.0.0+ #387 PREEMPT(full) [ 772.747104] Tainted: [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE [ 772.748509] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.17.0-0-gb52ca86e094d-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 772.752117] RIP: 0010:unmap_page_range.cold+0x26/0x18a [ 772.753780] Code: 7e fe ff ff 48 89 4c 24 78 4c 89 44 24 38 e8 f2 ff b1 00 48 8b 4c 24 78 4c 8b 44 24 38 48 8b 44 24 18 48 83 78 48 00 74 04 90 <0f> 0b 90 48 89 ca b8 ff ff 37 00 48 c1 ea 03 48 c1 e0 2a 80 3c 02 [ 772.759602] RSP: 0018:ffff888112607550 EFLAGS: 00010286 [ 772.761310] RAX: ffff88811bbf4dc0 RBX: dffffc0000000000 RCX: ffffea03e9bfffd8 [ 772.763583] RDX: 1ffff1102377e9c1 RSI: 0000000000000008 RDI: ffff88811bbf4e08 [ 772.765914] RBP: 0000000000000006 R08: ffff8881059f7448 R09: ffffed10224c0e68 [ 772.768184] R10: ffff888112607347 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000001 [ 772.770461] R13: ffffea03e9bfffc0 R14: ffff888112607908 R15: ffffea03e9bfffc0 [ 772.772782] FS: 00007f327caa2780(0000) GS:ffff888427b7d000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 772.775328] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 772.777187] CR2: 00007f327ca89000 CR3: 00000001994d5000 CR4: 00000000000006f0 [ 772.779135] Call Trace: [ 772.779792] <TASK> [ 772.780317] ? dmirror_interval_invalidate+0x1a3/0x290 [test_hmm] [ 772.781873] ? vm_normal_page_pud+0x2b0/0x2b0 [ 772.782992] ? __rwlock_init+0x150/0x150 [ 772.784006] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.785008] ? __mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start+0x505/0x6e0 [ 772.786522] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.787498] ? unmap_single_vma+0xb6/0x210 [ 772.788573] unmap_vmas+0x27d/0x520 [ 772.789506] ? unmap_single_vma+0x210/0x210 [ 772.790607] ? mas_update_gap.part.0+0x620/0x620 [ 772.791834] unmap_region+0x19e/0x350 [ 772.792769] ? remove_vma+0x130/0x130 [ 772.793684] ? mas_alloc_nodes+0x1f2/0x300 [ 772.794730] vms_complete_munmap_vmas+0x8c1/0xe20 [ 772.795926] ? unmap_region+0x350/0x350 [ 772.796917] do_vmi_align_munmap+0x36a/0x4e0 [ 772.798018] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.799024] ? vma_shrink+0x620/0x620 [ 772.799983] do_vmi_munmap+0x150/0x2c0 [ 772.800939] __vm_munmap+0x161/0x2c0 [ 772.801872] ? expand_downwards+0xd60/0xd60 [ 772.802948] ? clockevents_program_event+0x1ef/0x540 [ 772.804217] ? lock_release+0x216/0x2b0 [ 772.805158] __x64_sys_munmap+0x59/0x80 [ 772.805776] do_syscall_64+0xfc/0x670 [ 772.806336] ? irqentry_exit+0xda/0x580 [ 772.806976] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [ 772.807772] RIP: 0033:0x7f327cbb2717 [ 772.808323] Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d f9 76 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 b8 0b 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d c9 76 0d 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 [ 772.811337] RSP: 002b:00007ffde7f57d38 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000000b [ 772.812564] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f327cc9c000 RCX: 00007f327cbb2717 [ 772.813733] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000400000 RDI: 00007f327c289000 [ 772.814867] RBP: 0000000000421360 R08: 000000000000001a R09: 0000000000000000 [ 772.815991] R10: 0000000000000003 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007ffde7f57d74 [ 772.817121] R13: 00007f327c689010 R14: 0000000000100000 R15: 00007f327c289000 [ 772.818272] </TASK> [ 772.818614] irq event stamp: 0 [ 772.819159] hardirqs last enabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 [ 772.820174] hardirqs last disabled at (0): [<ffffffff82a57ab3>] copy_process+0x19f3/0x6440 [ 772.821511] softirqs last enabled at (0): [<ffffffff82a57b00>] copy_process+0x1a40/0x6440 [ 772.822869] softirqs last disabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 [ 772.823871] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- Fix this by using the same check for folio_test_anon() in zap_nonpresent_ptes(). Also add a hmm-test case for this. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260501065116.2057242-1-apopple@nvidia.com Fixes: 999dad824c39 ("mm/shmem: persist uffd-wp bit across zapping for file-backed") Signed-off-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Reported-by: Arsen Arsenović <aarsenovic@baylibre.com> Reviewed-by: Balbir Singh <balbirs@nvidia.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-05-13mm: fix __vm_normal_page() to handle missing support for ↵David Hildenbrand (Arm)
pmd_special()/pud_special() On x86 32-bit with THP enabled, zap_huge_pmd() is seen to generate a "WARNING: mm/memory.c:735 at __vm_normal_page+0x6a/0x7d", from the VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_zero_pfn(pfn) || is_huge_zero_pfn(pfn)); followed by "BUG: Bad rss-counter state"s, then later "BUG: Bad page state"s when reclaim gets to call shrink_huge_zero_folio_scan(). It's as if the _PAGE_SPECIAL bit never got set in the huge_zero pmd: and indeed, whereas pte_special() and pte_mkspecial() are subject to a dedicated CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_SPECIAL, pmd_special() and pmd_mkspecial() are subject to CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_PMD_PFNMAP, which is never enabled on any 32-bit architecture. While the problem was exposed through commit d80a9cb1a64a ("mm/huge_memory: add and use normal_or_softleaf_folio_pmd()"), it was an oversight in commit af38538801c6 ("mm/memory: factor out common code from vm_normal_page_*()") and would result in other problems: * huge zero folio accounted in smaps, pagemap (PAGE_IS_FILE) and numamaps as file-backed THP * folio_walk_start() returning the folio even without FW_ZEROPAGE set. Callers seem to tolerate that, though. ... and triggering the VM_WARN_ON_ONE(), although never reported so far. To fix it, teach vm_normal_page_pmd()/vm_normal_page_pud() to consider whether pmd_special/pud_special is actually implemented. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260430-pmd_special-v1-1-dbcbcfd72c20@kernel.org Fixes: af38538801c6 ("mm/memory: factor out common code from vm_normal_page_*()") Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/74a75b59-2e13-3985-ee99-d5521f39df2a@google.com Reported-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260430041121.2839350-1-maobibo@loongson.cn Debugged-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Tested-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn> Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: on remap assert that input range within the proposed VMALorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
Now we have range_in_vma_desc(), update remap_pfn_range_prepare() to check whether the input range in contained within the specified VMA, so we can fail at prepare time if an invalid range is specified. This covers the I/O remap mmap actions also which ultimately call into this function, and other mmap action types either already span the full VMA or check this already. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0fc1092f4b74f3f673a58e4e3942dc83f336dd85.1774045440.git.ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexandre Torgue <alexandre.torgue@foss.st.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Bodo Stroesser <bostroesser@gmail.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Long Li <longli@microsoft.com> Cc: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Vignesh Raghavendra <vigneshr@ti.com> Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: add mmap_action_map_kernel_pages[_full]()Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
A user can invoke mmap_action_map_kernel_pages() to specify that the mapping should map kernel pages starting from desc->start of a specified number of pages specified in an array. In order to implement this, adjust mmap_action_prepare() to be able to return an error code, as it makes sense to assert that the specified parameters are valid as quickly as possible as well as updating the VMA flags to include VMA_MIXEDMAP_BIT as necessary. This provides an mmap_prepare equivalent of vm_insert_pages(). We additionally update the existing vm_insert_pages() code to use range_in_vma() and add a new range_in_vma_desc() helper function for the mmap_prepare case, sharing the code between the two in range_is_subset(). We add both mmap_action_map_kernel_pages() and mmap_action_map_kernel_pages_full() to allow for both partial and full VMA mappings. We update the documentation to reflect the new features. Finally, we update the VMA tests accordingly to reflect the changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/926ac961690d856e67ec847bee2370ab3c6b9046.1774045440.git.ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexandre Torgue <alexandre.torgue@foss.st.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Bodo Stroesser <bostroesser@gmail.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Long Li <longli@microsoft.com> Cc: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Vignesh Raghavendra <vigneshr@ti.com> Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: add mmap_action_simple_ioremap()Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
Currently drivers use vm_iomap_memory() as a simple helper function for I/O remapping memory over a range starting at a specified physical address over a specified length. In order to utilise this from mmap_prepare, separate out the core logic into __simple_ioremap_prep(), update vm_iomap_memory() to use it, and add simple_ioremap_prepare() to do the same with a VMA descriptor object. We also add MMAP_SIMPLE_IO_REMAP and relevant fields to the struct mmap_action type to permit this operation also. We use mmap_action_ioremap() to set up the actual I/O remap operation once we have checked and figured out the parameters, which makes simple_ioremap_prepare() easy to implement. We then add mmap_action_simple_ioremap() to allow drivers to make use of this mode. We update the mmap_prepare documentation to describe this mode. Finally, we update the VMA tests to reflect this change. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/a08ef1c4542202684da63bb37f459d5dbbeddd91.1774045440.git.ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexandre Torgue <alexandre.torgue@foss.st.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Bodo Stroesser <bostroesser@gmail.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Long Li <longli@microsoft.com> Cc: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Vignesh Raghavendra <vigneshr@ti.com> Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: various small mmap_prepare cleanupsLorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
Patch series "mm: expand mmap_prepare functionality and usage", v4. This series expands the mmap_prepare functionality, which is intended to replace the deprecated f_op->mmap hook which has been the source of bugs and security issues for some time. This series starts with some cleanup of existing mmap_prepare logic, then adds documentation for the mmap_prepare call to make it easier for filesystem and driver writers to understand how it works. It then importantly adds a vm_ops->mapped hook, a key feature that was missing from mmap_prepare previously - this is invoked when a driver which specifies mmap_prepare has successfully been mapped but not merged with another VMA. mmap_prepare is invoked prior to a merge being attempted, so you cannot manipulate state such as reference counts as if it were a new mapping. The vm_ops->mapped hook allows a driver to perform tasks required at this stage, and provides symmetry against subsequent vm_ops->open,close calls. The series uses this to correct the afs implementation which wrongly manipulated reference count at mmap_prepare time. It then adds an mmap_prepare equivalent of vm_iomap_memory() - mmap_action_simple_ioremap(), then uses this to update a number of drivers. It then splits out the mmap_prepare compatibility layer (which allows for invocation of mmap_prepare hooks in an mmap() hook) in such a way as to allow for more incremental implementation of mmap_prepare hooks. It then uses this to extend mmap_prepare usage in drivers. Finally it adds an mmap_prepare equivalent of vm_map_pages(), which lays the foundation for future work which will extend mmap_prepare to DMA coherent mappings. This patch (of 21): Rather than passing arbitrary fields, pass a vm_area_desc pointer to mmap prepare functions to mmap prepare, and an action and vma pointer to mmap complete in order to put all the action-specific logic in the function actually doing the work. Additionally, allow mmap prepare functions to return an error so we can error out as soon as possible if there is something logically incorrect in the input. Update remap_pfn_range_prepare() to properly check the input range for the CoW case. Also remove io_remap_pfn_range_complete(), as we can simply set up the fields correctly in io_remap_pfn_range_prepare() and use remap_pfn_range_complete() for this. While we're here, make remap_pfn_range_prepare_vma() a little neater, and pass mmap_action directly to call_action_complete(). Then, update compat_vma_mmap() to perform its logic directly, as __compat_vma_map() is not used by anything so we don't need to export it. Also update compat_vma_mmap() to use vfs_mmap_prepare() rather than calling the mmap_prepare op directly. Finally, update the VMA userland tests to reflect the changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1774045440.git.ljs@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/99f408e4694f44ab12bdc55fe0bd9685d3bd1117.1774045440.git.ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexandre Torgue <alexandre.torgue@foss.st.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Bodo Stroesser <bostroesser@gmail.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Dexuan Cui <decui@microsoft.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Haiyang Zhang <haiyangz@microsoft.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: K. Y. Srinivasan <kys@microsoft.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Long Li <longli@microsoft.com> Cc: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com> Cc: "Martin K. Petersen" <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Miquel Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vignesh Raghavendra <vigneshr@ti.com> Cc: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: fix PMD/PUD checks in follow_pfnmap_start()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
follow_pfnmap_start() suffers from two problems: (1) We are not re-fetching the pmd/pud after taking the PTL Therefore, we are not properly stabilizing what the lock actually protects. If there is concurrent zapping, we would indicate to the caller that we found an entry, however, that entry might already have been invalidated, or contain a different PFN after taking the lock. Properly use pmdp_get() / pudp_get() after taking the lock. (2) pmd_leaf() / pud_leaf() are not well defined on non-present entries pmd_leaf()/pud_leaf() could wrongly trigger on non-present entries. There is no real guarantee that pmd_leaf()/pud_leaf() returns something reasonable on non-present entries. Most architectures indeed either perform a present check or make it work by smart use of flags. However, for example loongarch checks the _PAGE_HUGE flag in pmd_leaf(), and always sets the _PAGE_HUGE flag in __swp_entry_to_pmd(). Whereby pmd_trans_huge() explicitly checks pmd_present(), pmd_leaf() does not do that. Let's check pmd_present()/pud_present() before assuming "the is a present PMD leaf" when spotting pmd_leaf()/pud_leaf(), like other page table handling code that traverses user page tables does. Given that non-present PMD entries are likely rare in VM_IO|VM_PFNMAP, (1) is likely more relevant than (2). It is questionable how often (1) would actually trigger, but let's CC stable to be sure. This was found by code inspection. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260323-follow_pfnmap_fix-v1-1-5b0ec10872b3@kernel.org Fixes: 6da8e9634bb7 ("mm: new follow_pfnmap API") Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: introduce is_pmd_order helperNico Pache
In order to add mTHP support to khugepaged, we will often be checking if a given order is (or is not) a PMD order. Some places in the kernel already use this check, so lets create a simple helper function to keep the code clean and readable. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260325114022.444081-3-npache@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Suggested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <raquini@redhat.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai (SUSE) <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com> Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: consolidate anonymous folio PTE mapping into helpersNico Pache
Patch series "mm: khugepaged cleanups and mTHP prerequisites", v4. The following series contains cleanups and prerequisites for my work on khugepaged mTHP support [1]. These have been separated out to ease review. The first patch in the series refactors the page fault folio to pte mapping and follows a similar convention as defined by map_anon_folio_pmd_(no)pf(). This not only cleans up the current implementation of do_anonymous_page(), but will allow for reuse later in the khugepaged mTHP implementation. The second patch adds a small is_pmd_order() helper to check if an order is the PMD order. This check is open-coded in a number of places. This patch aims to clean this up and will be used more in the khugepaged mTHP work. The third patch also adds a small DEFINE for (HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1) which is used often across the khugepaged code. The fourth and fifth patch come from the khugepaged mTHP patchset [1]. These two patches include the rename of function prefixes, and the unification of khugepaged and madvise_collapse via a new collapse_single_pmd function. Patch 1: refactor do_anonymous_page into map_anon_folio_pte_(no)pf Patch 2: add is_pmd_order helper Patch 3: Add define for (HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1) Patch 4: Refactor/rename hpage_collapse Patch 5: Refactoring to combine madvise_collapse and khugepaged A big thanks to everyone that has reviewed, tested, and participated in the development process. This patch (of 5): The anonymous page fault handler in do_anonymous_page() open-codes the sequence to map a newly allocated anonymous folio at the PTE level: - construct the PTE entry - add rmap - add to LRU - set the PTEs - update the MMU cache. Introduce two helpers to consolidate this duplicated logic, mirroring the existing map_anon_folio_pmd_nopf() pattern for PMD-level mappings: map_anon_folio_pte_nopf(): constructs the PTE entry, takes folio references, adds anon rmap and LRU. This function also handles the uffd_wp that can occur in the pf variant. The future khugepaged mTHP code calls this to handle mapping the new collapsed mTHP to its folio. map_anon_folio_pte_pf(): extends the nopf variant to handle MM_ANONPAGES counter updates, and mTHP fault allocation statistics for the page fault path. The zero-page read path in do_anonymous_page() is also untangled from the shared setpte label, since it does not allocate a folio and should not share the same mapping sequence as the write path. We can now leave nr_pages undeclared at the function intialization, and use the single page update_mmu_cache function to handle the zero page update. This refactoring will also help reduce code duplication between mm/memory.c and mm/khugepaged.c, and provides a clean API for PTE-level anonymous folio mapping that can be reused by future callers (like khugpeaged mTHP support) Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260325114022.444081-1-npache@redhat.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260325114022.444081-2-npache@redhat.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260122192841.128719-1-npache@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Nico Pache <npache@redhat.com> Suggested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul@sk.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Gregory Price <gourry@gourry.net> Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Joshua Hahn <joshua.hahnjy@gmail.com> Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org> Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <raquini@redhat.com> Cc: Rakie Kim <rakie.kim@sk.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com> Cc: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai (SUSE) <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Yang Shi <yang@os.amperecomputing.com> Cc: Zach O'Keefe <zokeefe@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: rename VMA flag helpers to be more readableLorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)
Patch series "mm: vma flag tweaks". The ongoing work around introducing non-system word VMA flags has introduced a number of helper functions and macros to make life easier when working with these flags and to make conversions from the legacy use of VM_xxx flags more straightforward. This series improves these to reduce confusion as to what they do and to improve consistency and readability. Firstly the series renames vma_flags_test() to vma_flags_test_any() to make it abundantly clear that this function tests whether any of the flags are set (as opposed to vma_flags_test_all()). It then renames vma_desc_test_flags() to vma_desc_test_any() for the same reason. Note that we drop the 'flags' suffix here, as vma_desc_test_any_flags() would be cumbersome and 'test' implies a flag test. Similarly, we rename vma_test_all_flags() to vma_test_all() for consistency. Next, we have a couple of instances (erofs, zonefs) where we are now testing for vma_desc_test_any(desc, VMA_SHARED_BIT) && vma_desc_test_any(desc, VMA_MAYWRITE_BIT). This is silly, so this series introduces vma_desc_test_all() so these callers can instead invoke vma_desc_test_all(desc, VMA_SHARED_BIT, VMA_MAYWRITE_BIT). We then observe that quite a few instances of vma_flags_test_any() and vma_desc_test_any() are in fact only testing against a single flag. Using the _any() variant here is just confusing - 'any' of single item reads strangely and is liable to cause confusion. So in these instances the series reintroduces vma_flags_test() and vma_desc_test() as helpers which test against a single flag. The fact that vma_flags_t is a struct and that vma_flag_t utilises sparse to avoid confusion with vm_flags_t makes it impossible for a user to misuse these helpers without it getting flagged somewhere. The series also updates __mk_vma_flags() and functions invoked by it to explicitly mark them always inline to match expectation and to be consistent with other VMA flag helpers. It also renames vma_flag_set() to vma_flags_set_flag() (a function only used by __mk_vma_flags()) to be consistent with other VMA flag helpers. Finally it updates the VMA tests for each of these changes, and introduces explicit tests for vma_flags_test() and vma_desc_test() to assert that they behave as expected. This patch (of 6): On reflection, it's confusing to have vma_flags_test() and vma_desc_test_flags() test whether any comma-separated VMA flag bit is set, while also having vma_flags_test_all() and vma_test_all_flags() separately test whether all flags are set. Firstly, rename vma_flags_test() to vma_flags_test_any() to eliminate this confusion. Secondly, since the VMA descriptor flag functions are becoming rather cumbersome, prefer vma_desc_test*() to vma_desc_test_flags*(), and also rename vma_desc_test_flags() to vma_desc_test_any(). Finally, rename vma_test_all_flags() to vma_test_all() to keep the VMA-specific helper consistent with the VMA descriptor naming convention and to help avoid confusion vs. vma_flags_test_all(). While we're here, also update whitespace to be consistent in helper functions. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1772704455.git.ljs@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0f9cb3c511c478344fac0b3b3b0300bb95be95e9.1772704455.git.ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Suggested-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com> Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org> Cc: Chatre, Reinette <reinette.chatre@intel.com> Cc: Chunhai Guo <guochunhai@vivo.com> Cc: Damien Le Maol <dlemoal@kernel.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Cc: Dave Martin <dave.martin@arm.com> Cc: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hongbo Li <lihongbo22@huawei.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org> Cc: Konstantin Komarov <almaz.alexandrovich@paragon-software.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Naohiro Aota <naohiro.aota@wdc.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Sandeep Dhavale <dhavale@google.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Yue Hu <zbestahu@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: support VM_MIXEDMAP in zap_special_vma_range()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
There is demand for also zapping page table entries by drivers in VM_MIXEDMAP VMAs[1]. Nothing really speaks against supporting VM_MIXEDMAP for driver use. We just don't want arbitrary drivers to zap in ordinary (non-special) VMAs. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-17-david@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/aYSKyr7StGpGKNqW@google.com [1] Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: rename zap_vma_ptes() to zap_special_vma_range()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
zap_vma_ptes() is the only zapping function we export to modules. It's essentially a wrapper around zap_vma_range(), however, with some safety checks: * That the passed range fits fully into the VMA * That it's only used for VM_PFNMAP We will add support for VM_MIXEDMAP next, so use the more-generic term "special vma", although "special" is a bit overloaded. Maybe we'll later just support any VM_SPECIAL flag. While at it, improve the kerneldoc. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-16-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> [drivers/infiniband] Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: rename zap_page_range_single() to zap_vma_range()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's rename it to make it better match our new naming scheme. While at it, polish the kerneldoc. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix rustfmtcheck] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-15-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Puranjay Mohan <puranjay@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm: rename zap_page_range_single_batched() to zap_vma_range_batched()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's make the naming more consistent with our new naming scheme. While at it, polish the kerneldoc a bit. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-14-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: inline unmap_page_range() into __zap_vma_range()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's inline it into the single caller to reduce the number of confusing unmap/zap helpers. Get rid of the unnecessary BUG_ON(). [david@kernel.org: call the local variable simply "addr", per Lorenzo] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/f7732d1c-0e85-4a14-948a-912c417018b5@kernel.org Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-12-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: use __zap_vma_range() in zap_vma_for_reaping()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's call __zap_vma_range() instead of unmap_page_range() to prepare for further cleanups. To keep the existing behavior, whereby we do not call uprobe_munmap() which could block, add a new "reaping" member to zap_details and use it. Likely we should handle the possible blocking in uprobe_munmap() differently, but for now keep it unchanged. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-11-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: convert details->even_cows into details->skip_cowsDavid Hildenbrand (Arm)
The current semantics are confusing: simply because someone specifies an empty zap_detail struct suddenly makes should_zap_cows() behave differently. The default should be to also zap CoW'ed anonymous pages. Really only unmap_mapping_pages() and friends want to skip zapping of these anon folios. So let's invert the meaning; turn the confusing "reclaim_pt" check that overrides other properties in should_zap_cows() into a safety check. Note that the only caller that sets reclaim_pt=true is madvise_dontneed_single_vma(), which wants to zap any pages. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-10-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: move adjusting of address range to unmap_vmas()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
__zap_vma_range() has two callers, whereby zap_page_range_single_batched() documents that the range must fit into the VMA range. So move adjusting the range to unmap_vmas() where it is actually required and add a safety check in __zap_vma_range() instead. In unmap_vmas(), we'd never expect to have empty ranges (otherwise, why have the vma in there in the first place). __zap_vma_range() will no longer be called with start == end, so cleanup the function a bit. While at it, simplify the overly long comment to its core message. We will no longer call uprobe_munmap() for start == end, which actually seems to be the right thing to do. Note that hugetlb_zap_begin()->...->adjust_range_if_pmd_sharing_possible() cannot result in the range exceeding the vma range. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-9-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: rename unmap_single_vma() to __zap_vma_range()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's rename it to better fit our new naming scheme. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-8-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/oom_kill: factor out zapping of VMA into zap_vma_for_reaping()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's factor it out so we can turn unmap_page_range() into a static function instead, and so oom reaping has a clean interface to call. Note that hugetlb is not supported, because it would require a bunch of hugetlb-specific further actions (see zap_page_range_single_batched()). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-7-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-05mm/memory: simplify calculation in unmap_mapping_range_tree()David Hildenbrand (Arm)
Let's simplify the calculation a bit further to make it easier to get, reusing vma_last_pgoff() which we move from interval_tree.c to mm.h. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260227200848.114019-5-david@kernel.org Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Arve <arve@android.com> Cc: "Borislav Petkov (AMD)" <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Cc: Claudio Imbrenda <imbrenda@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Daniel Borkman <daniel@iogearbox.net> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com> Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Dimitri Sivanich <dimitri.sivanich@hpe.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jakub Kacinski <kuba@kernel.org> Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Janosch Frank <frankja@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca> Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Namhyung kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com> Cc: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Cc: Pedro Falcato <pfalcato@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com> Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>