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2026-08-23Merge tag 'liveupdate-v7.3-rc1-20260823' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux Pull more liveupdate updates from Mike Rapoport: "Make boot time huge page allocation work nicely with kexec handover. Today allocation of gigantic pages in HugeTLB cannot work reliably with kexec handover (KHO): - HugeTLB allocates gigantic pages using memblock and autoscaling of KHO scratch accounts for these allocations. When gigantic pages occupy half of the memory of more, KHO fails to allocate its scratch memory. - After kexec handover, memblock allocations exclusively use KHO scratch that is not supposed to contain preserved memory. This essentially blocks preservation of HugeTLB with gigantic pages. Extend early memory pools available for KHO kernel with areas that are guaranteed not to contain preserved memory" * tag 'liveupdate-v7.3-rc1-20260823' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux: (21 commits) kho: exclude hugetlb memory from scratch size calculation memblock: add memblock_reserved_hugetlb_size() memblock: make HugeTLB bootmem allocation work with KHO memblock: always include KHO headers kho: extend scratch mm/mm_init: don't rely on memblock to get KHO scratch migratetype kho: initialize preserved memory map radix tree earlier kho: initialize kho_scratch pointer earlier in boot kho: expose kho_scratch_overlap() to kexec_handover.h kho: add kho_radix_init_tree() kho: allow destroying KHO radix tree kho: allow early-boot usage of the KHO radix tree kho: add data argument to radix walk callback kho: add callback for table pages kho: add a struct for radix callbacks kho: move all memory retrieval logic to kho_mem_retrieve() kho: store incoming radix tree in kho_in kho: disallow wide keys in radix tree kho: make radix max key width more obvious kho: generalize radix tree APIs ...
2026-08-04mm: split out mm_init and memblock declarations from internal.hMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
Patch series "mm: split a couple of headers from internal.h", v2. mm/internal.h becomes more and more bloated. Split declarations related to mm_init, memblock, vmalloc and sparse into new headers. This patch (of 3): mm/internal.h becomes more and more bloated. Move declarations for related to mm/mm_init.c and mm/memblock.c to a new mm/mm_init.h header. No functional changes. [rppt@kernel.org: split stubfs from internal.h to mm_init.h] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/alJd1BLypyK9Mpaw@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260709-internal-h-v2-0-695631425968@kernel.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260709-internal-h-v2-1-695631425968@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Acked-by: SJ Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <jackmanb@google.com> Cc: Brendan Jackman <brendan.jackman@linux.dev> Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Liam R. Howlett <liam@infradead.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-08-04kho: expose kho_scratch_overlap() to kexec_handover.hPratyush Yadav (Google)
Support for discovering memory blocks with no preserved memory will be added in coming patches. These areas will also be marked as scratch to allow allocations from them. Memblock will switch to looking through the scratch array to decide the right migratetype. Expose kho_scratch_overlap() to KHO users. Since it is now used by non-debug code, move it out of kexec_handover_debug.c and into kexec_handover.c. Gate the overlap checks in kho_preserve_folio() and kho_preserve_pages() by IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_HANDOVER_DEBUG) instead. Since kexec_handover_debug.c is now empty, delete it. Add a stub for kho_scratch_overlap() to memblock tests to make sure it compiles. It will be used in memblock by a coming commit. No functional changes. Signed-off-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260801084833.1897543-14-pratyush@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
2026-04-01mm: move free_reserved_area() to mm/memblock.cMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
free_reserved_area() is related to memblock as it frees reserved memory back to the buddy allocator, similar to what memblock_free_late() does. Move free_reserved_area() to mm/memblock.c to prepare for further consolidation of the functions that free reserved memory. No functional changes. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260323074836.3653702-5-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org>
2026-04-01memblock: move reserve_bootmem_range() to memblock.c and make it staticMike Rapoport (Microsoft)
reserve_bootmem_region() is only called from memmap_init_reserved_pages() and it was in mm/mm_init.c because of its dependecies on static init_deferred_page(). Since init_deferred_page() is not static anymore, move reserve_bootmem_region(), rename it to memmap_init_reserved_range() and make it static. Update the comment describing it to better reflect what the function does and drop bogus comment about reserved pages in free_bootmem_page(). Update memblock test stubs to reflect the core changes. Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260323072042.3651061-1-rppt@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
2026-01-09memblock: drop redundant 'struct page *' argument from memblock_free_pages()Shengming Hu
memblock_free_pages() currently takes both a struct page * and the corresponding PFN. The page pointer is always derived from the PFN at call sites (pfn_to_page(pfn)), making the parameter redundant and also allowing accidental mismatches between the two arguments. Simplify the interface by removing the struct page * argument and deriving the page locally from the PFN, after the deferred struct page initialization check. This keeps the behavior unchanged while making the helper harder to misuse. Signed-off-by: Shengming Hu <hu.shengming@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/tencent_F741CE6ECC49EE099736685E60C0DBD4A209@qq.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
2025-04-07memblock tests: Fix mutex related build errorMasami Hiramatsu (Google)
Fix mutex and free_reserved_area() related build errors which have been introduced by commit 74e2498ccf7b ("mm/memblock: Add reserved memory release function"). Fixes: 74e2498ccf7b ("mm/memblock: Add reserved memory release function") Reported-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com> Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250405023018.g2ae52nrz2757b3n@master/ Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/174399023133.47537.7375975856054461445.stgit@devnote2 Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org>
2024-09-01mm: rework accept memory helpersKirill A. Shutemov
Make accept_memory() and range_contains_unaccepted_memory() take 'start' and 'size' arguments instead of 'start' and 'end'. Remove accept_page(), replacing it with direct calls to accept_memory(). The accept_page() name is going to be used for a different function. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240809114854.3745464-6-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2023-09-14memblock tests: Fix compilation errors.Rong Tao
This patch fix the follow errors. commit 61167ad5fecd ("mm: pass nid to reserve_bootmem_region()") pass nid parameter to reserve_bootmem_region(), $ make -C tools/testing/memblock/ ... memblock.c: In function ‘memmap_init_reserved_pages’: memblock.c:2111:25: error: too many arguments to function ‘reserve_bootmem_region’ 2111 | reserve_bootmem_region(start, end, nid); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ../../include/linux/mm.h:32:6: note: declared here 32 | void reserve_bootmem_region(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ memblock.c:2122:17: error: too many arguments to function ‘reserve_bootmem_region’ 2122 | reserve_bootmem_region(start, end, nid); | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ commit dcdfdd40fa82 ("mm: Add support for unaccepted memory") call accept_memory() in memblock.c $ make -C tools/testing/memblock/ ... cc -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined main.o memblock.o \ lib/slab.o mmzone.o slab.o tests/alloc_nid_api.o \ tests/alloc_helpers_api.o tests/alloc_api.o tests/basic_api.o \ tests/common.o tests/alloc_exact_nid_api.o -o main /usr/bin/ld: memblock.o: in function `memblock_alloc_range_nid': memblock.c:(.text+0x7ae4): undefined reference to `accept_memory' Signed-off-by: Rong Tao <rongtao@cestc.cn> Fixes: dcdfdd40fa82 ("mm: Add support for unaccepted memory") Fixes: 61167ad5fecd ("mm: pass nid to reserve_bootmem_region()") Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/tencent_6F19BC082167F15DF2A8D8BEFE8EF220F60A@qq.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
2023-02-07Revert "mm: Always release pages to the buddy allocator in ↵Aaron Thompson
memblock_free_late()." This reverts commit 115d9d77bb0f9152c60b6e8646369fa7f6167593. The pages being freed by memblock_free_late() have already been initialized, but if they are in the deferred init range, __free_one_page() might access nearby uninitialized pages when trying to coalesce buddies. This can, for example, trigger this BUG: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffe964c02580c8 RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid+0x3f/0x70 <TASK> __free_one_page+0x139/0x410 __free_pages_ok+0x21d/0x450 memblock_free_late+0x8c/0xb9 efi_free_boot_services+0x16b/0x25c efi_enter_virtual_mode+0x403/0x446 start_kernel+0x678/0x714 secondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xd2/0xdb </TASK> A proper fix will be more involved so revert this change for the time being. Fixes: 115d9d77bb0f ("mm: Always release pages to the buddy allocator in memblock_free_late().") Signed-off-by: Aaron Thompson <dev@aaront.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230207082151.1303-1-dev@aaront.org Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
2023-01-08mm: Always release pages to the buddy allocator in memblock_free_late().Aaron Thompson
If CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, memblock_free_pages() only releases pages to the buddy allocator if they are not in the deferred range. This is correct for free pages (as defined by for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone()) because free pages in the deferred range will be initialized and released as part of the deferred init process. memblock_free_pages() is called by memblock_free_late(), which is used to free reserved ranges after memblock_free_all() has run. All pages in reserved ranges have been initialized at that point, and accordingly, those pages are not touched by the deferred init process. This means that currently, if the pages that memblock_free_late() intends to release are in the deferred range, they will never be released to the buddy allocator. They will forever be reserved. In addition, memblock_free_pages() calls kmsan_memblock_free_pages(), which is also correct for free pages but is not correct for reserved pages. KMSAN metadata for reserved pages is initialized by kmsan_init_shadow(), which runs shortly before memblock_free_all(). For both of these reasons, memblock_free_pages() should only be called for free pages, and memblock_free_late() should call __free_pages_core() directly instead. One case where this issue can occur in the wild is EFI boot on x86_64. The x86 EFI code reserves all EFI boot services memory ranges via memblock_reserve() and frees them later via memblock_free_late() (efi_reserve_boot_services() and efi_free_boot_services(), respectively). If any of those ranges happens to fall within the deferred init range, the pages will not be released and that memory will be unavailable. For example, on an Amazon EC2 t3.micro VM (1 GB) booting via EFI: v6.2-rc2: # grep -E 'Node|spanned|present|managed' /proc/zoneinfo Node 0, zone DMA spanned 4095 present 3999 managed 3840 Node 0, zone DMA32 spanned 246652 present 245868 managed 178867 v6.2-rc2 + patch: # grep -E 'Node|spanned|present|managed' /proc/zoneinfo Node 0, zone DMA spanned 4095 present 3999 managed 3840 Node 0, zone DMA32 spanned 246652 present 245868 managed 222816 # +43,949 pages Fixes: 3a80a7fa7989 ("mm: meminit: initialise a subset of struct pages if CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set") Signed-off-by: Aaron Thompson <dev@aaront.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/01010185892de53e-e379acfb-7044-4b24-b30a-e2657c1ba989-000000@us-west-2.amazonses.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
2022-07-29memblock tests: fix compilation errorsLiu Xinpeng
Do 'make -C tools/testing/memblock', get the following errors: memblock.o: In function `memblock_find_in_range.constprop.9': memblock.c:(.text+0x4651): undefined reference to `pr_warn_ratelimited' memblock.o: In function `memblock_mark_mirror': memblock.c:(.text+0x7171): undefined reference to `mirrored_kernelcore' Fixes: 902c2d91582c ("memblock: Disable mirror feature if kernelcore is not specified") Fixes: 14d9a675fd0d ("mm: Ratelimited mirrored memory related warning messages") Signed-off-by: Liu Xinpeng <liuxp11@chinatelecom.cn> Tested-by: Ma Wupeng <mawupeng1@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1658916453-26312-1-git-send-email-liuxp11@chinatelecom.cn
2022-07-04memblock tests: set memblock_debug to enable memblock_dbg() messagesRebecca Mckeever
If Memblock simulator was compiled with MEMBLOCK_DEBUG=1, set memblock_debug to 1 so that memblock_dbg() will print debug information when memblock functions are tested in Memblock simulator. Signed-off-by: Rebecca Mckeever <remckee0@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/aee4200cce1c09992ed055006a81fde1b6b5b567.1656907314.git.remckee0@gmail.com
2022-02-20memblock tests: Add skeleton of the memblock simulatorKarolina Drobnik
Add basic project files, together with local stubs of required headers. Update tools/include/slab.h to include definitions used by memblock. Signed-off-by: Karolina Drobnik <karolinadrobnik@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/d296fceb023a04b316a31fbff9acf1e76ac684e4.1643796665.git.karolinadrobnik@gmail.com